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Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017.
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| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2018
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| _version_ | 1867613654640230400 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Webb, E.C. (Edward Cottington) |
| author_browse | Webb, E.C. (Edward Cottington) |
| author_facet | Webb, E.C. (Edward Cottington) |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2018 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/68035 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:39:35.267Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/68035 Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community Webb, E.C. (Edward Cottington) u10549902@tuks.co.za Knobel, Darryn Leslie Jaca, Nomusa Kgomotso Unrestricted UCTD Tick infestation Udder damage Calf growth Calf survival Weaning Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-01 Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-02 Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-03 Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017. Ticks are important ectoparasites and vectors of human and animal diseases in many countries including South Africa (Matayo, 2001). In Matabeleland, south province, some recent work has been done by VEDMA consulting group (2005) and confirmed that tick infestation and tick borne diseases (TBD) are some of the most important conditions affecting livestock productivity (Ndhlovu, 2008). Ticks are responsible for direct damage to livestock skins and hides because of their feeding habits, damaging udders, teats, scrotum and other exposed animal parts due to infestation of damaged sites by maggots and secondary microbial infections (Norval 1983, Meltzer and Norval 1993; Dreyer, Fourie and Kok, 1998). Productivity losses which can occur (Norval et al., 1988; 1989; Stachurski et al., 1993; Meltzer et al., 1995; Jonsson, 2006) may not be obvious to communal small-scale farmers. Heavy infestations can cause loss of blood, reduce the rate of live-weight gain and lower milk yield, whilst the long mouthed ticks downgrade the quality of the hides (De Castro, 1997). The objective of the study was to investigate tick infestation and distribution on cow udders, evaluating the level of udder damage caused by ticks and the impact this has on growth of calves until weaning age and survival rate. In coming up with a strategy to improve the calf survival to weaning age and reducing tick infestation rate on cow udders in extensive cattle production systems, an understanding of manipulation of factors which contribute to tick attachment ,milk availability for calf suckling and calf growth and development to weaning age are to be considered. Not many farmers practice regular tick control strategies because of ignorance, negligence and poverty (Davidi, 2001). The South African government has strategically and traditionally provided the means and infrastructure for tick control in communal farming areas (Stevenset al., 2007) as an incentive for farmers to present their animals for weekly inspection and disease control interventions. Control of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in small-scale sectors has been one of the major initiatives implemented by the Mpumalanga Veterinary Services (MVS). Despite their well-known disadvantages, resistance, environmental pollution, residues in meat, milk, hides and skins and natural toxicity, acaricides are the backbone of tick control as they are effective both in the short-term by cleaning the animal of ticks and in the long-term in reducing tick burdens. The prevalence of tick attachment on dam udders was investigated, investigating the level of tick attachment (TAS) and level of udder damage (CUS) to lactating cows. This in turn allowed for further evaluation of the impact TAS and CUS scores had on calf growth to weaning (ADG). The degree of tick infestation on dams showed a tendency towards having a significant relationship to the dam’s body condition score (P=0.1), and the udder score of lactating dams is associated with the dip-tank the dam dips at on a regular basis. The dip-tank the calf and dam are associated with has an influence to growth and development of calf (ADG), (P<0.05). Calf time to death was evaluated against calf associated independent variables, showing no significant association to calf time of death, P>0.05. bs2026 Animal and Wildlife Sciences MSc (Agric) Unrestricted SDG-01: No poverty SDG-02: Zero hunger SDG-03: Good health and well-being 2018-12-05T08:06:31Z 2018-12-05T08:06:31Z 2009/04/18 2017 Dissertation Jaca, NK 2017, Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community, MSc (Agric) Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/68035> S2018 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/68035 en © 2018 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | Unrestricted UCTD Tick infestation Udder damage Calf growth Calf survival Weaning Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-01 Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-02 Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-03 Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community |
| title | Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community |
| title_full | Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community |
| title_short | Investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the Mnisi tribal community |
| title_sort | investigation of tick infestation on udders of beef cows and the related effects on calf survival and growth to weaning in the mnisi tribal community |
| topic | Unrestricted UCTD Tick infestation Udder damage Calf growth Calf survival Weaning Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-01 Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-02 Natural and agricultural sciences theses SDG-03 |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/68035 |