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Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae)
Dissertation (MSc (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2020
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| _version_ | 1867613634723577856 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Sole, Catherine L. |
| author_browse | Sole, Catherine L. |
| author_facet | Sole, Catherine L. |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2020. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/75314 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:39:16.035Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/75314 Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) Sole, Catherine L. elme.brand@up.ac.za Engelbrecht, Ian Alexander, Graham Brand, Elme UCTD Dissertation (MSc (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2020. Phylogeographic patterns as well as divergence date estimates and the past population demography of Hemachatus haemachatus were analysed using nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers. My results suggest that H. haemachatus forms a continuous population that diverged into two broad lineages due to glacial and interglacial cycles during the Plio-Pleistocene interval. During this interval, stable populations existed in the southern Cape and eastern inland regions of southern Africa. These cycles lead to further isolation and genetic differentiation of populations within these lineages during the Tarantian stage of the Pleistocene epoch. Currently, limited genetic variation exists between the lineages, suggesting that gene flow was restricted for a limited period only, and subsequently re-established. This most likely occurred as a result of a range expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) which led to increased open grassland habitats. In addition to genetic analyses, I examined the venom composition of this species across its distribution using bottom-up approaches, which incorporated rp-HPLC, SDS-PAGE and MS/MS analysis. A total of 20 protein families were identified from six venom pools. I found that the major components of the venom were shared between all populations sampled, although slight variations were observed. The venom was rich in cytotoxic and neurotoxic elements. Cardiotoxic and hemorrhagic elements were also present. I did not observe a definitive link between phylogeographic patterns and the proteomic composition at the protein family level. Zoology and Entomology MSc (Zoology) Restricted 2020-07-16T12:47:58Z 2020-07-16T12:47:58Z 2020 2020 Dissertation Brand, E 2020, Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae), MSc (Zoology) Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75314> S2020 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75314 en © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) |
| title | Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) |
| title_full | Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) |
| title_fullStr | Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) |
| title_short | Phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals, Hemachatus haemachatus (Squamata: Elapidae) |
| title_sort | phylogeography and venom composition of the rinkhals hemachatus haemachatus squamata elapidae |
| topic | UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75314 |