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Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2020
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| _version_ | 1867613490093490176 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Zeiler, Gareth Edward |
| author_browse | Zeiler, Gareth Edward |
| author_facet | Zeiler, Gareth Edward |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2020 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/77443 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:36:58.250Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/77443 Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination Zeiler, Gareth Edward u29119392@tuks.co.za Buss, Peter Erik Chelopo, Ngwako David UCTD Azaperone African elephant (Loxodonta africana) Loxodonta africana Naltrexone Thiafentanil Tidal volume Veterinary science theses SDG-15 SDG-15: Life on land Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020. OBJECTIVE : To determine the cardiopulmonary and blood gas status of elephants during chemical capture (immobilisation) with a thiafentanil-azaperone drug combination kept in lateral recumbency. STUDY DESIGN : Prospective descriptive study. ANIMAL POPULATION : Ten free-ranging adult African elephant bulls (estimated weight range 3000 to 6000 kg). METHODS : Elephants were immobilised using a thiafentanil (15-18 mg) and azaperone (75-90 mg) by darting from a helicopter. Once recumbent, the tidal volume, minute volume, end-tidal carbon dioxide, arterial blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded immediately after instrumentation and at five-minute intervals until T20. Arterial and venous blood gases were analysed at the time of initial instrumentation and at 20 minutes. On completion of the data collection, the thiafentanil was antagonised using naltrexone (10 mg mg-1 thiafentanil). A stopwatch was used to record time to recumbency (dart placement to recumbency) and time to recovery (administering antagonist to standing). Data was checked for normality and was found to be parametric. Data were compared using a one-way analysis of variance and reported as mean (± SD). RESULTS : All elephants were successfully immobilised and all physiological variables remained constant with minimal non-significant variation over time. Average time to recumbency was 12.5 minutes. The estimated expiratory tidal volume was 21 (± 6) L breath-1 or 4.8 ± 0.8 mL kg-1, and the measured minute volume was 103 (± 31) L minute-1. The heart and respiratory rates were 49 (±6) beats and 5 (± 1) breaths minute-1, respectively. The mean arterial blood pressure was 153 (± 31) mmHg. The elephants were acidaemic (pH 7.18 ±0.06; bicarbonate ion 20 ±4 mmol L-1; lactate 11 ± 4 mmol L-1), mildly hypoxemic (PaO2 68 ± 15 mmHg) and mildly hypercapnic (PaCO2 52 ± 7 mmHg). Average time to recovery was 2.2 minutes. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : African elephant bulls can be successfully immobilised using thiafentanil-azaperone. Recumbency was rapid, the cardiopulmonary variables were stable and within acceptable ranges, and recovery was rapid and complete. Mild hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were evident, but does not necessarily require oxygen supplementation. Companion Animal Clinical Studies MSc Unrestricted 2020-12-21T09:53:47Z 2020-12-21T09:53:47Z 2020/09/30 2020 Dissertation Chelopo, ND 2020, Physiological reponses of African elephant (Loxondonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination, MSc Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77443> S2020 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77443 en © 2020 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Azaperone African elephant (Loxodonta africana) Loxodonta africana Naltrexone Thiafentanil Tidal volume Veterinary science theses SDG-15 SDG-15: Life on land Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination |
| title | Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination |
| title_full | Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination |
| title_fullStr | Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination |
| title_short | Physiological responses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) immobilised with a thiafentanil-azaperone combination |
| title_sort | physiological responses of african elephant loxodonta africana immobilised with a thiafentanil azaperone combination |
| topic | UCTD Azaperone African elephant (Loxodonta africana) Loxodonta africana Naltrexone Thiafentanil Tidal volume Veterinary science theses SDG-15 SDG-15: Life on land |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77443 |