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Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity, intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived naphthoquinones
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2021
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| _version_ | 1867613608014249984 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Lall, Namrita |
| author_browse | Lall, Namrita |
| author_facet | Lall, Namrita |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2020 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/79191 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:50.869Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/79191 Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity, intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived naphthoquinones Lall, Namrita veneesha@ul.ac.za Anderson, Ross Thaver, Veneesha UCTD Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. The major cause of HIV-related mortality in Sub-Saharan countries is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is an escalating threat due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely multidrug resistant (XDR) TB. There is clearly an urgent requirement for the identification of novel, affordable anti-TB (as well as anti-HIV) drugs. This study was undertaken with the objective of isolating and characterizing the antimycobacterial potential of 3 naphthoquinones, i.e. neodiospyrin, diospyrin and 7- methyljuglone present in the roots of Euclea natalensis. The laboratory research included: i) isolation of diospyrin and neodiospyrin, from the roots of E. natalensis; ii) assessment of the cytotoxicity of these agents and synthetic 7-methyljuglone for eukaryotic cells (Vero and THP-1 cells); iii) determination of the intracellular bioactivities of the naphthoquinones against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB); and iv) mechanistic studies designed to investigate the effects of the test agents on cation (K+/ Ca2+) fluxes and energy metabolism (ATP levels) in MTB and M. smegmatis. With respect to the first objective, the naphthoquinones (diospyrin and neodiospyrin) were isolated from crude methanol extracts of crushed roots using chromatography and spectroscopic analysis. The yields of the compounds were 0.16 %, 0.32 %, and 0.12 % for neodiospyrin, diospyrin (isolated from plant) and synthetic 7-methyljuglone (synthesised in laboratory), respectively. The effects of the compounds (0.3-50μg/ml) on the viability of Vero and THP-1 cells were measured using the XTT assay (sodium 3’-[1-(phenyl amino-carbonyl)-3, 4 tetrazolium]-bis-[4-methoxy-6-nitro] benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) based on cellular metabolic activity. All 3 test compounds were found to possess cytotoxic activity at 1.5- 12.5g/ml) for both cell lines. Intracellular bioactivity of the test agents was measured using MTB-infected THP-1 cells as a surrogate for infected human macrophages. Following exposure of the MTBinfected cells to the test naphthoquinones, at a concentration range of 6.25-25g/ml, for 5 days, the cells were lysed and the viability of MTB in the lysates was then measured using the BACTEC radiometric system. All 3 test agents were found to be bioactive intracellularly, with complete inhibition of growth detected at 12.5, 25, and 6.25g/ml in the case of neodiospyrin, diospyrin, and synthetic 7-methyljuglone respectively. The effects of the 3 naphthoquinones on mycobacterial cation fluxes were measured according to the magnitude of uptake of 86Rb+ (a surrogate for K+) and 45Ca2+, while ATP was measured using a chemiluminescence procedure. None of the test agents was found to affect Ca2+ uptake by the bacteria. However, all 3 test agents were found to be potent inhibitors of uptake of K+ by MTB and M. smegmatis, with inhibition detected at submicrogram concentrations of these agents. All 3 test agents, especially synthetic 7- methyljuglone, were found to interfere with energy metabolism in MTB, manifested as decreases in mycobacterial ATP levels. Synthetic 7-methyljuglone which has the lowest MIC value for MTB (0.5μg/ml), and which was the most potent inhibitor of energy metabolism in MTB, shows promise as a potential anti-TB agent.These agents also are of potential value in drug modelling, possibly in the design of novel anti-TB agents which selectively target mycobacterial K+ transporters. Immunology PhD Unrestricted 2021-04-06T07:22:05Z 2021-04-06T07:22:05Z 2011/06/22 2010 Thesis Thaver, V 2010, Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity, intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived naphthoquinones, PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79191> D11/9/231 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79191 en © 2020 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity, intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived naphthoquinones |
| title | Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity,
intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of
antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived
naphthoquinones |
| title_full | Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity,
intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of
antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived
naphthoquinones |
| title_fullStr | Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity,
intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of
antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived
naphthoquinones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity,
intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of
antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived
naphthoquinones |
| title_short | Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity,
intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of
antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived
naphthoquinones |
| title_sort | isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of antimycobacterial action of euclea natalensis derived naphthoquinones |
| topic | UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79191 |