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Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies
Thesis (PhD (Entomology))--University of Pretoria, 2021.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2021
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| _version_ | 1867613617316167680 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed |
| author_browse | Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed |
| author_facet | Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD (Entomology))--University of Pretoria, 2021. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/80841 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:59.552Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/80841 Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed u17392145@tuks.co.za Pirk, Christian Walter Werner Deletre, Emilie Bekele, Bethelihem Mekonnen weaver ants repellents Dufour's gland Semiochemicals oviposition behaviour UCTD Thesis (PhD (Entomology))--University of Pretoria, 2021. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) include more than 4300 described species associated with fruits and other plant crops of economic importance. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), endemic to Southeast Asia and the mango fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), the African native fruit fly species, are the dominant pest species attacking mango fruits in sub-Saharan Africa. Different methods have been used to control and suppress the populations of fruit flies. These methods include the use of synthetic insecticides, Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), Male Annihilation Technique (MAT), baiting technique, cultural and biological control methods. The African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a major predator of pest insects in agriculture has been shown to have a repellent effect on the oviposition behaviour of fruit flies. This study investigated and compared the role of O. longinoda semiochemicals on the oviposition responses of two major fruit fly species of mango: B. dorsalis, and C. cosyra in choice assays with ant-exposed and unexposed mangoes, using extracts of ant whole-body and body parts (head, thorax, and abdomen). The results show that both fruit fly species avoided and laid fewer eggs on weaver ant-exposed than unexposed mango peel discs. In addition, the whole-body extracts reduced oviposition responses in C. cosyra, and discs treated with abdominal extracts affected egg-laying in B. dorsalis and C. cosyra. The results obtained suggest that abdominal glands contain chemicals that the flies avoid. Further investigation was carried out using abdominal gland extracts. The flies avoided components in Dufour’s and poison glands, indicating the repellent chemical compounds in these organs are detected by the flies and caused a change in oviposition behaviour. Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) to collect gland headspace volatiles and solvent extraction for the secretions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analysed secretions of the Dufour’s, poison glands, as well as rectal sternal glands for the first time. A total of 78 components were identified from the four glands, Dufour, poison, sternal and rectal, of which 62 were reported for the first time from these glands. The Dufour’s glands of O. longinoda contained mainly hydrocarbons. The effect of major compounds: undecane (12 ng/ul), tricosane (5.4 ng/ul), heneicosane (4.2 ng/ul), pentadecane (2.6 ng/ul), tridecane (1.9 ng/ul) and their blends in three different concentrations were tested on the oviposition responses of B. dorsalis using dual-choice assays. Neither the compounds nor their blends deter the flies from ovipositing even at higher concentrations (100 gland equivalents). This study demonstrated the repellent effects of O. longinoda semiochemicals on the oviposition behaviour of fruit flies. Chemical extracts from the Dufour’s and poison glands significantly reduced oviposition. This repellence could be attributed to the chemical composition produced by the ants in the respective glands. The study also provided data on the chemical composition of the Dufour’s, poison, sternal and rectal glands located in the ants’ abdomen and their potential use in developing pest control measures for fruit fly in mango orchards. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), CIRAD, French agricultural research for development; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC); Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and the Kenyan Government. Zoology and Entomology PhD (Entomology) Unrestricted 2021-07-15T08:24:35Z 2021-07-15T08:24:35Z 2021-09 2021-02-02 Thesis * http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80841 en © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | weaver ants repellents Dufour's gland Semiochemicals oviposition behaviour UCTD Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| title | Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| title_full | Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| title_fullStr | Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| title_short | Semiochemicals from the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| title_sort | semiochemicals from the african weaver ant oecophylla longinoda hymenoptera formicidae and their repellency on mango fruit flies |
| topic | weaver ants repellents Dufour's gland Semiochemicals oviposition behaviour UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80841 |