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Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period
Dissertation (MSc (Water Resources Management))--University of Pretoria, 2021.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2022
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| _version_ | 1867613441439563776 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Van Niekerk, Harold |
| author_browse | Van Niekerk, Harold |
| author_facet | Van Niekerk, Harold |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc (Water Resources Management))--University of Pretoria, 2021. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/83472 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:36:12.012Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/83472 Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period Van Niekerk, Harold samsonakpotu@yahoo.com Akpotu, Samson Oghenemauro UCTD Water Resource Management Environmental Management Dissertation (MSc (Water Resources Management))--University of Pretoria, 2021. In this study, the fluctuation and variation in salinity composition of the Vaal River and its catchment area was investigated between 1975-2015. Long-term data sets gathered from a 40-year span collected across nine monitoring station in the study catchment area was analysed. The statistical tool applied for the data analysis is the Maucha diagram, as well as the Origin software used in plotting graphs. These graphs revealed several trends and patterns. The graphs and the Maucha diagrams reflected long-time changes in salts composition and concentration in the water of the Vaal River and its catchment area over a 40-year period. From the data analysed, the graphs plotted, and the Maucha diagrams, the salinity of the Vaal River was majorly total alkalinity (TAL) and sulfate (SO4) dominated, with a substantial amount of Calcium (Ca2+). However, the concentration of other salts remained relatively constant during the duration of study. Analysis of 5-year averages of TAL, SO4 and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration showed that zones and sub-catchment uniquely impacted variation in salinity levels and composition. Furthermore, salinity levels and composition in zones 1 and 4 were greatly impacted by water from the Lesotho Highlands and the Orange River, respectively. The salinity level changes of the Vaal River were mainly attributed to anthropogenic sources such as pollution from (mining) industries, increased urbanisation, economic expansion, paving of roads, increasing population, water transfer in and out of the river’s catchment area and irrigation outflow from agricultural activities. Based on the salinity concentration of the Vaal River and the effect on humans and the environment, routine continuous monitoring and sampling programmes are recommended to be carried out by the National government. This will help to make informed decision on managing the salinity levels of the Vaal River and mitigating any negative attendant consequence of increased salinity. Microbiology and Plant Pathology MSc (Water Resources Management) Unrestricted 2022-01-27T06:54:31Z 2022-01-27T06:54:31Z 2022-04 2022 Dissertation Akpotu, SO 2022, Analysis of Temporal and Spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period, MSc dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd http://hdl.handle.net/2263/83472 A2022 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/83472 en © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Water Resource Management Environmental Management Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period |
| title | Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period |
| title_full | Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period |
| title_short | Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the Vaal River system over a 40 year period |
| title_sort | analysis of temporal and spatial changes in major dissolved salts in the vaal river system over a 40 year period |
| topic | UCTD Water Resource Management Environmental Management |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/83472 |