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A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7
Dissertation (MTh (Old Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2022
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| _version_ | 1867613456932274176 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Meyer, Esias E. |
| author_browse | Meyer, Esias E. |
| author_facet | Meyer, Esias E. |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2021 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MTh (Old Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/87753 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:36:26.674Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/87753 A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 Meyer, Esias E. moniquepaschen@gmail.com Paschen, Monique UCTD Gender approach Feminist approach Gender/Feminist Approach Leviticus 1-7 Blood Sacrifice Purification/sin offering Peace offering Burnt offering Reparation offering Ritual Patriarchy Economic value Symbolic value Order of sacrifice Animal Husbandry Dissertation (MTh (Old Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020. This dissertation attempts to look at the value of animals found in the blood sacrifices presented in Leviticus 1-7 from a feminist/gender perspective. The dissertation shows that from an economic perspective, female animals seem to hold more value than male animals. However, on a symbolic and metaphoric level, male animals dominate. The first objective was to find a feminist approach which fits with an analysis of animal values; as a feminist/gender approach often uses multiple methods. Overall the feminist historical approach highlights the understanding that patriarchy is at the root of most misinterpreted values, misinterpreted social, class, gender, age and agricultural values. Thus, an understanding of the cultural, societal and agricultural structures is necessary. The analysis on culture, society and agriculture provided the understanding that the Ancient Near East’s society operated within an interactive domain. Each sector (environmental, religious, economic, etc.) acted in accordance with one another, influenced each other and to an extent, mirrored one another. The analysis also emphasised the fact that Ancient Israel was a patriarchal, patrilocal and patrilineal society, which inevitably deemed females as of lower status in public, private and political spheres. However, the analysis of female animals illustrates that they had more abilities to produce commodities which should elevate their value. A further objective was understanding how the ordering of sacrifices in Leviticus 1-7 portrayed and possibly influenced the value of animals. When accepting the natural order of Leviticus 1-5 as it stands in the text, the emphasis on male animals as superior is subtle but evident. However, Leviticus 6-7 presents one with a different order; this has been coined as the administrative order, which motivates and emphasises male animal superiority as well as the social hierarchy. Another aspect of influence is what significance the victim holds when presented alongside certain members of the community. In Leviticus 4, the חַטָּאת offering, allocates specific 2 animals, with their specific sex to certain individuals. The internal ordering of the חַטָּאת leaves female animals with a lower social status as they are always described alongside low-status individuals. Entering the final stage of the dissertation, with a feminist historical approach one can show that the value of male and female humans were superimposed onto the value of male and female animals and that male animal’s value was elevated due to its connection with patriarchal societal constructs. Thus, sacrifices acted as a form of communication which claimed ultimate authority. Connecting social hierarchies subtly into the sacrificial system through the displacement of animals values helped implement and maintain the societal values which the patriarchal society had by justifying its authority based on Yahweh’s holy instructions for the Israelites. Old Testament Studies MTh (Old Testament Studies) Unrestricted 2022-10-17T12:51:58Z 2022-10-17T12:51:58Z 2021 2020-09-30 Dissertation * A2021 https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/87753 en © 2021 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Gender approach Feminist approach Gender/Feminist Approach Leviticus 1-7 Blood Sacrifice Purification/sin offering Peace offering Burnt offering Reparation offering Ritual Patriarchy Economic value Symbolic value Order of sacrifice Animal Husbandry A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 |
| title | A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 |
| title_full | A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 |
| title_fullStr | A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 |
| title_full_unstemmed | A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 |
| title_short | A gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in Leviticus 1-7 |
| title_sort | gender perspective on male and female sacrificial animals in leviticus 1 7 |
| topic | UCTD Gender approach Feminist approach Gender/Feminist Approach Leviticus 1-7 Blood Sacrifice Purification/sin offering Peace offering Burnt offering Reparation offering Ritual Patriarchy Economic value Symbolic value Order of sacrifice Animal Husbandry |
| url | https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/87753 |