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The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species
Dissertation (MSc (Medicinal Plant Science))--University of Pretoria, 2023.
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University of Pretoria
2024
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| _version_ | 1867613492154990592 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Meyer, J.J.M. (Jacobus Johannes Marion) |
| author_browse | Meyer, J.J.M. (Jacobus Johannes Marion) |
| author_facet | Meyer, J.J.M. (Jacobus Johannes Marion) |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2023 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc (Medicinal Plant Science))--University of Pretoria, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/94898 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:37:00.236Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/94898 The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species Meyer, J.J.M. (Jacobus Johannes Marion) moniqueblignaut10@gmail.com Blignaut, Monique UCTD Gousiekte Kirkamide Rubiaceae species Streptol Vangueria Dissertation (MSc (Medicinal Plant Science))--University of Pretoria, 2023. Gousiekte (quick disease) is a cardiotoxicoses commonly found in ruminants and is caused by at least six species of the Rubiaceae family namely, Fadogia homblei, Pavetta harborii, Pav. schumanniana, Vangueria latifolium, V. pygmaea and V. thamnus. Bacterial endophytes are present in all plants that cause gousiekte and it might be possible that the bacterial species play a role in the production of the toxin. As a result of varying toxicity of plants that cause gousiekte, the parameters of the disease have not been confidently established. Pavettamine was previously identified as the gousiekte-causing toxin and shown to be present in all these species, however, the results obtained from experiments regarding pavettamine, have been very inconsistent. The toxins, kirkamide, streptol and streptol glucoside were previously found in Psychotria kirkii (Rubiaceae) and reported for their toxicity, the endophyte genome contains the genes responsible for encoding these toxins. The main aim of this study was to determine if kirkamide, streptol and its glucoside occur in some of the gousiekte-causing species and to investigate the role of the endophytes in the production of the toxin. Nine non-toxic species of the Rubiaceae family were analysed together with three gousiekte-causing species (F. homblei, V. pygmaea and V. thamnus) by means of 1H-NMR, GC-MS, UPLC-QToF and LC-MS analyses. The chemical analysis results were compared with genetic studies done by collaborators who determined if the bacterial endophyte genomes contain the genes for the biosynthesis of these toxins. None of the species carried the kirkamide gene, it was also not detected in the extracts during chemical analyses. The gene encoding streptol was identified in a few species namely, V. infausta, V. madagascariensis, V. pygmaea and V. randii. Streptol was detected in two positive controls namely V. pygmaea and V. infausta however in very low intensities although as expected not in the negative control F. homblei. Based on the results, it cannot be confidently said that either kirkamide or streptol plays a role in causing gousiekte. However, the results provide compelling evidence that the endophyte contributes to the production of the toxin streptol, as the toxin was only found in the species containing the endophyte gene for streptol. Plant Production and Soil Science MSc (Medicinal Plant Science) Unrestricted Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 2024-02-23T09:28:53Z 2024-02-23T09:28:53Z 2024-09-12 2023-11-27 Dissertation * A2024 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/94898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.25298866.v1 10.25403/UPresearchdata.25267348 en © 2023 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Gousiekte Kirkamide Rubiaceae species Streptol Vangueria The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species |
| title | The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species |
| title_full | The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species |
| title_fullStr | The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species |
| title_full_unstemmed | The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species |
| title_short | The occurrence of the toxins, streptol, kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte-causing Rubiaceae species |
| title_sort | occurrence of the toxins streptol kirkamide and pavettamine in the gousiekte causing rubiaceae species |
| topic | UCTD Gousiekte Kirkamide Rubiaceae species Streptol Vangueria |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/94898 |