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Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections
Dissertation (MSc (Phytomedicine Programme))--University of Pretoria, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2024
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| _version_ | 1867613701100535808 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | McGaw, Lyndy Joy |
| author_browse | McGaw, Lyndy Joy |
| author_facet | McGaw, Lyndy Joy |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2021 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc (Phytomedicine Programme))--University of Pretoria, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/98513 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:40:19.405Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/98513 Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections McGaw, Lyndy Joy tamspowell@gmail.com Makhubu, Fikile Steyl, Johan Christian Abraham Powell, Tamarin UCTD African plants Ethnoveterinary medicine Ticks Southern African medicinal plants Dissertation (MSc (Phytomedicine Programme))--University of Pretoria, 2023. Ticks cause many problems in cattle worldwide, including transmission of tick-borne diseases and quality issues. Attachment of ticks to host organisms causes wounds which enhance the likelihood of secondary infections and abscesses. The aim of this project was to select southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine to repel or kill ticks, to confirm their efficacy against ticks, and to investigate the activity of the plant extracts against bacteria and fungi implicated in causing secondary infections accompanying tick infestations. Eight plants were selected and extracted using acetone, ethanol and sterile distilled water. The extracts were tested against tick larvae using repellence and mortality assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract against bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), as well as the yeast fungal strain Candida albicans, was determined using the broth microdilution assay. Extracts were also tested for their ability to prevent and disrupt bacterial biofilm formation, and for cytotoxicity against bovine dermis and Vero cells. In general, the extracts had better tick repellence than acaricidal effects. Aloe ferox extracts had the highest repellence against tick larvae, as well as the best acaricidal effects at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Ethanolic extracts of Aloe ferox (MIC = 0.05 mg/ml) and Lavandula lanata (MIC = 1.25 mg/ml) had the best antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus respectively, whereas the acetone extract of Ptaeroxylon obliquum (MIC = 0.02 mg/ml) had the best antifungal activity. For the biofilm inhibitory activity, water extracts of A. ferox (92%), P. obliquum (91%) and Tulbaghia violacea (97%) were able to strongly inhibit biofilm formation after 24 h of treatment. Overall, T. violacea showed promising results with percentage inhibitions close to 100% for all three extracts after 24 h of extract treatment against biofilm formation. After 48 h, only the water extracts continued to inhibit the biofilm effectively. Aloe ferox had SI values as high as 4.88 and 18.75 against Vero cells and BD cells respectively. In summary, water extracts had strong antibiofilm and tick repellence activity, but were not acaricidal, antibacterial or antifungal. Ethanolic extracts had good overall activity in all the assays, and Aloe ferox and Lippia javanica were the most active plant species in the study. Paraclinical Sciences MSc (Phytomedicine Programme) Unrestricted Faculty of Veterinary Science 2024-10-07T08:04:00Z 2024-10-07T08:04:00Z 2024-04 2023-07 Dissertation * A2023 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/98513 en © 2021 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD African plants Ethnoveterinary medicine Ticks Southern African medicinal plants Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| title | Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| title_full | Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| title_short | Efficacy of selected southern African plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| title_sort | efficacy of selected southern african plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine against ticks and associated infections |
| topic | UCTD African plants Ethnoveterinary medicine Ticks Southern African medicinal plants |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/98513 |