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Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2018.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2018
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| _version_ | 1867614137322831872 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Kangalawe, Hezron |
| author2 | Swart, Sandra |
| author_browse | Kangalawe, Hezron Swart, Sandra |
| author_facet | Swart, Sandra Kangalawe, Hezron |
| author_sort | Kangalawe, Hezron |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2018. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/103289 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:47:15.645Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/103289 Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 Kangalawe, Hezron Swart, Sandra Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of History. Tanzania -- History -- 1939-2015 Plantation forestry -- Tanzania -- Sao Hill -- History Sao Hill saw mill -- Tanzania UCTD Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2018. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses plantation forests from the colonial to the postcolonial period as a lens to explore the history of Tanzania between 1939 and 2015. The thesis discusses transitions within plantation forestry by using the changing history of the Sao Hill, the biggest plantation forest in Tanzania. The thesis weaves together the varied factors that led to the establishment of the Sao Hill plantation, first during the colonial period, when it was established as a means of ameliorating the micro-climates around tea farms and white commercial farms. Secondly, during the postcolonial period, it was part of implementing Basic Industrial Strategy (BIS) policy aimed at introducing industries that could reduce imports from 1967. While the colonial government compensated the customary land owners to get land for afforestation, the postcolonial government did not compensate as it resettled under the rubric of African Socialism, famously known as Ujamaa villages, between 1973 and 1976. Moreover, the thesis demonstrates that, due to the weak economy, the state resorted to the World Bank to get a loan. The World Bank loan, issued in 1976 and renewed in 1982, influenced subsequent state-driven afforestation behaviour and management in Tanzania. A Biodiversity paradigm (stemming from the 1980s) on forestry conservation attracted international donors to fund more natural forests than plantations. From the late 1980s, economic liberalization was implemented which caused some of the land owners to use ‘weapons of the weak’ to resist the means used by the state to take their customary land. This thesis ends by exploring the means deployed by the government to curb fire outbreaks and encroachment cases at the Sao Hill plantation. While the plantation forest management protected the plantation forest by adhering to some elements of the participatory forest management, a practice more common in the natural forests management, the state tried to control encroachment cases and boundary conflicts with the Sao Hill forest between 1986 and 2013. While participatory methods reduced fire outbreaks, neither the commissions of inquiry nor the participatory measures succeeded in solving encroachment in some villages like Mapanda where two private companies and individual woodlot developers had bought almost three quarters of the village land. Therefore, this thesis argues that the plantation forestry in Tanzania is a product of many factors which can be summarized into environmental and economic ones. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis maak gebruik van plantasiewoude tussen die koloniale tydperk en nakoloniale Tanzanië as lens om die geskiedenis van Tanzanië tussen 1939 en 2015 te ondersoek. Die tesis mik om die oorgang van plantasie bosbou te demonstreer, deur gebruik te maak van wisselende tonele van Sao Hill, die grootste van hierdie tipe plantasie in Tanzanië. Die tesis weef die verskeie faktore wat gelei het tot die vestiging van die Sao Hill plantasie saam; eers, tydens die koloniale tydperk, as 'n middel om die klimaat om teeplantasies, en plase besit deur wit mense, te versag, en tweedens, tydens die nakoloniale tydperk, as deel van die implimentasie van die Basic Industrial Strategy (BIS), wat gestreef het om die invoer van basiese goedere, wat Tanzanië in 1967 begin het, te verminder deur die introduksie van nywerhede. Terwyl die koloniale regering die gebruiklike grondeienaars vergoed het vir dié grond om land te verwerf vir bebossing, het die nakoloniale regering nie vergoeding geoffer nie omdat, tussen 1973 en 1979, het die regering die gebruiklike grondeienaars in die rubriek van Afrika-sosialisme hervestig. Die idee van Afrika-sosioalisme het in Tanzanië ontstaan en dié plekke van hervestiging staan bekend as Ujamaa Villages. Verder demonstreer die tesis dat, weens die swak ekonomie, moes Tanzanië gebruik maak van 'n Wêreld Bank lening so dat die land se bebossingsdrome bereik kon word. Dié lening, wat in 1976 uitgegee is en in 1982 hernu is, het 'n groot impak gehad op die werkverrigting en bestuur van bebossing in Tanzanië. Weens die biodiversiteidsvoorbeeld van bosbewaring wat gelei het tot al hoe meer befondsing vir natuurlike woude, teenoor plantasiewoude, deur internasionale donateurs, en weens die ekomoniese liberalisering beleide wat in Tanzanië in die laat 1980’s op die voorgrond getree het, het van die gebruiklike grondeienaars die wyse waardeur die staat hul land ingeneem het begin bevraagteken. Die tesis eindig met 'n uitleg van die taktiek wat ontplooi was deur die staat om brande en oorskrydingsgevalle by die Sao Hill plantasie te tem. Terwyl die plantasiebosbestuur die plantasiewoude beskerm het deur om trou te bly aan sekere elemente van die deelnemende bosbestuur, 'n algemene praktyk in natuurlikebosbestuur, het die sentrale regering verskeie kommissies gevorm om ondersoek in te stel na gevalle van oorskryding in dorpe wat grenskonflikte met die Sao Hill woud tussen 1986 en 2013 gehad het. Al het die gebruik van deelnemende metodes gevalle van bosbrand verminder na amper nul teen 2015, nie die kommissies van ondersoek of die deelnemende maatreëls het daarin geslaag om gevalle van oorskryding in dorpe, soos Mapanda, op te los nie. Hier het twee privaatmaatskappye as ook individuele brandhoutbosperseelontwikkelaars amper driekwart van die dorp se grond gekoop. Doctoral 2018-01-25T06:51:00Z 2018-04-09T06:51:55Z 2018-01-25T06:51:00Z 2018-04-09T06:51:55Z 2018-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103289 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 263 pages : illustrations, maps application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Tanzania -- History -- 1939-2015 Plantation forestry -- Tanzania -- Sao Hill -- History Sao Hill saw mill -- Tanzania UCTD Kangalawe, Hezron Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 |
| title | Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 |
| title_full | Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 |
| title_fullStr | Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 |
| title_short | Plantation forestry in Tanzania : a history of Sao Hill forests, 1939-2015 |
| title_sort | plantation forestry in tanzania a history of sao hill forests 1939 2015 |
| topic | Tanzania -- History -- 1939-2015 Plantation forestry -- Tanzania -- Sao Hill -- History Sao Hill saw mill -- Tanzania UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103289 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kangalawehezron plantationforestryintanzaniaahistoryofsaohillforests19392015 |