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Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa
Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2018.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2018
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| _version_ | 1867614083651469312 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Majaha, James |
| author2 | Koornhof, Hilletjie Elizabeth |
| author_browse | Koornhof, Hilletjie Elizabeth Majaha, James |
| author_facet | Koornhof, Hilletjie Elizabeth Majaha, James |
| author_sort | Majaha, James |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2018. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/103920 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:23.902Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/103920 Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa Majaha, James Koornhof, Hilletjie Elizabeth Tshitaudzi, Gilbert Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Global Health. Human Nutrition. Preschool children -- Nutrition -- Gauteng (South Africa) Early childhood educators -- Gauteng (South Africa) UCTD Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2018. ENGLISH SUMMARY: Nutrition plays a pivotal role in early childhood development (ECD). The knowledge and practices of practitioners, impact dietary habits and childcare practices at ECD centres and this could cause higher incidences and prevalence of undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies. This study focused on the knowledge and practices of ECD practitioners in Orange Farm and Zandspruit. Objectives: To assess the nutrition knowledge and practices of practitioners and describe the anthropometric status of children, 6-59 months old, attending ECD centres. Design: Descriptive and analytical, cross-sectional study. Subjects and Setting: Practitioners were interviewed at 136 randomly selected ECD centres in Orange Farm (n=120) and Zandspruit (n=16), Gauteng Province. Anthropometry was performed on children in 15 ECD centres. Methods: Quantitative data collection included interviews with practitioners using an in-depth questionnaire and dietary diversity (DD) tool. Anthropometric measurements were performed on children. Focus group discussions were conducted to obtain qualitative data. Results: The response rate for Zandspruit was 87.6 % (n=14) and 95.8 % (n=115) for Orange Farm. Prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) was 0.7% (n=3) and GAM by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) 0.2% (n=1), with underweight at 8.9% (n=32), overweight at 4.9% (n=21) and 1.2% (n=5) for obesity. Stunting prevalence was 26.7% (n=96), which is similar to the South African national level. Weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were similar in the two study areas. Only MUAC was significantly lower in Zandspruit compared to Orange Farm (p=0.03). Zandspruit ECD centres charged higher school fees for all age groups when compared to Orange Farm, p<0.0001. There was a significant difference in knowledge of defining the term “balanced diet”, where ECD centres in Orange Farm scored higher compared to Zandspruit (p=0.003). All participants scored poorly on knowledge on anaemia (21.1%, n=26), exclusive breastfeeding (47.2%, n=58) and malnutrition (48.8%, n=60). Inappropriate food preparation methods were noted; 96.7% (n=119) of the ECD centres used improper traditional cooking methods for meat (chicken/beef) and vegetables that included long cooking time, boiling and draining away water before adding oil and other ingredients. ECD centres in Zandspruit provided more diversified diets, in comparison with centres in Orange Farm; the mean DD score was 4.83 (SD=1.030) and 4.67 (SD=1.223) respectively. Sanitation and refuse disposal were significantly poorer in Zandspruit, p=0.014 and p<0.0001 respectively. Conclusion: Based on these findings, similar to available global evidence, it is evident that severe acute malnutrition (wasting) is not a crisis in the country but endemic stunting is a critical problem that requires urgent attention. Stunting in South Africa is a complex phenomenon and communities need a holistic approach to identify the drivers of this condition. Intervention to improve the nutrition knowledge and practices of ECD practitioners is necessary as they can play a role in worsening nutrition situation of children in ECD centres. ECD centres in their own capacities are unable to address the burden of malnutrition. Parents, Department of Social Development and Department of Health need to strengthen and accelerate implementation of ECD policies, change behaviours and continue creating supportive environments to improve the nutritional profile of ECD centres. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voeding speel 'n sentrale rol in vroee kinderontwikkeling. Die praktisyns se kennis en praktyke beïnvloed dieetgewoontes en kindersorgpraktyke by Vroee Kinderontwikkeling (VKO) sentrums en dit kan lei tot 'n hoer voorkoms van ondervoeding, oorvoeding en mikronutrienttekorte. Die studie fokus op voedingkennis en praktyke van VKO-praktisyns in Orange Farm en Zandspruit nedersettings. Doelwitte: Om voedingkennis en praktyke van praktisyns werksaam by VKO-sentrums te bepaal. Die antropometriese status van kinders, 6-59 maande oud, by VKO-sentrums word ook beskryf. Ontwerp: 'n Beskrywende, analitiese deursnitstudie Deeelnemers en omgewing: Praktisyns by 136 willekeurig gekose VKO-sentrums in Orange Farm (n = 120) en Zandspruit (n = 16), Gauteng Provinsie. Antropometriese metings was by 15 VKO-sentrums op die kinders gedoen. Metodes: Kwantitatiewe data-insameling het ingesluit beide onderhoude met praktisyns, met behulp van ‘n diepgaande vraelys en die dietdiversiteit-instrument. Antropometriese metings is gedoen op kinders. Kwalitatiewe data is met behulp van fokusgroepbesprekings ingesamel. Resultate: Deelname-koers vir Zandspruit was 87,6% (n = 14) en 95,8% (n = 115) in Orange Farm. Die voorkoms van wereldwye akute wanvoeding (GAM) was 0,7% (n = 3) en GAM deur middel van bo-arm omtrek (MUAC) 0.2% (n = 1), met ondergewig teen 8,9% (n = 32), oorgewig op 4,9 % (n =21) en 1.2% (n = 5) vetsug. Voorkoms van dwerggroei was 26,7% (n = 96), wat soortgelyk is aan die Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale vlak. Gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings (WAZ) en gewig-vir-lengte-z-tellings (WHZ) was soortgelyk in die 2 studiegebiede. Slegs MUAC in Zandspruit was aansienlik laer as Orange Farm (p = 0.03). Zandspruit-VKO-sentrums se skoolgeld is hoer vir al hul ouderdomsgroepe in vergelyking met Orange Farm, p <0.0001. Daar was 'n wesenlike verskil in kennis om die term "gebalanseerde dieet" te definieer, waar VKO-sentrums in Orange Farm hoer geslaag het in vergelyking met Zandspruit (p = 0.003). Al die deelnemers het egter swak getuig van kennis oor anemie (21.1%, n = 26), eksklusiewe borsvoeding (47.2%, n = 58) en wanvoeding (48.8%, n = 60). Onvanpaste voedselvoorbereidingsmetodes is aangeteken. 96,7% (n = 119) van die VKO-sentrums gebruik onvanpaste tradisionele kookmetodes vir vleis (hoender/beesvleis) en groente wat lang kooktyd ingesluit het, kook en afvoer van water voordat olie en ander bestanddele bygevoeg word. VKO-sentrums in Zandspruit het meer gediversifiseerde diete voorsien in vergelyking met sentrums in Orange Farm; die gemiddelde dieetdiversiteittelling was onderskeidelik 4.83 (SD = 1.030) en 4.67 (SD = 1.223). Sanitasie en vullisverwydering was aansienlik swakker in Zandspruit, p = 0,014 en p <0,0001 onderskeidelik. Gevolgtrekking: Op grond van hierdie bevindinge, soortgelyk aan beskikbare globale bewyse, is dit duidelik dat ernstige akute wanvoeding (uittering) nie 'n krisis in die land is nie, maar endemiese dwerggroeie is 'n kritiese probleem wat dringende aandag vereis. Dwerggroei in Suid-Afrika is 'n komplekse verskynsel en gemeenskappe het 'n holistiese benadering nodig om die bestuurders van hierdie toestand te identifiseer. Intervensie om die voedingskennis en praktyke van VKO-praktisyns te verbeter, is noodsaaklik aangesien hulle 'n rol kan speel in die verslegtende voedingsituasie van kinders in VKO-sentrums. VKO-sentrums in hul eie vermoëns kan nie die las van wanvoeding aanspreek nie. Ouers, Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling en die Departement van Gesondheid moet die implementering van VKO-beleid versterk en versnel, gedrag verander en voortgaan met die skep van ondersteunende omgewings om die voedingsprofiel van VKO-sentrums te verbeter. Masters 2018-02-27T06:51:27Z 2018-04-09T11:48:01Z 2021-04-01T03:00:10Z 2018-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103920 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvii, 120 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Preschool children -- Nutrition -- Gauteng (South Africa) Early childhood educators -- Gauteng (South Africa) UCTD Majaha, James Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa |
| title | Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa |
| title_full | Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa |
| title_short | Assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in Zandspruit and Orange Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa |
| title_sort | assessing the nutrition situation in early childhood development centres in zandspruit and orange farm gauteng province south africa |
| topic | Preschool children -- Nutrition -- Gauteng (South Africa) Early childhood educators -- Gauteng (South Africa) UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103920 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT majahajames assessingthenutritionsituationinearlychildhooddevelopmentcentresinzandspruitandorangefarmgautengprovincesouthafrica |