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Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2019.
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| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2019
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| _version_ | 1867614033348132864 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Nampasa, Mercy |
| author2 | Raffrenato, Emiliano |
| author_browse | Nampasa, Mercy Raffrenato, Emiliano |
| author_facet | Raffrenato, Emiliano Nampasa, Mercy |
| author_sort | Nampasa, Mercy |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2019. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/106969 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:45:36.533Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/106969 Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities Nampasa, Mercy Raffrenato, Emiliano Setati, Mathabatha Evodia Cruywagen, C. W. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Animal Science. Monosaccharides Rumen fermentation Rumination (Digestion) Fiber in animal nutrition Ruminants -- Feeding and feeds Digestion Rumen -- Microbiology Bacterial communities UCTD Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2019. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sugars are known to improve rumen fermentation characteristics and animal performance. However, not much work has focused on neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFd) and studies on monosaccharides are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of selected monosaccharides on in vitro NDFd (ivNDFd) and bacterial communities in lactating dairy cows. In a preliminary study, seven non-synthetic monosaccharides namely glucose, fructose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose and arabinose were selected. Oat hay (OH) or lucerne hay (LH) were then incubated separately with each of the sugars for 12 or 24 h using different inclusion levels, 0% (control), 15% or 30% of the forage NDF content. There were no differences in ivNDFd between 15% and 30% inclusion levels for all the sugars. Fructose and rhamnose increased ivNDFd while the rest of the monosaccharides did not affect ivNDFd. However, glucose and xylose tended to increase ivNDFd at the 30% level. Monosaccharides that either increased or tended to increase ivNDFd, were selected for further investigation. The aim of the first trial was to determine the effects of glucose, fructose, rhamnose and xylose on ivNDFd, in vitro starch degradation (ivSd), pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Oat hay, LH or a lucerne-based total mixed ration (TMR) were then incubated separately with each of the sugars for 12 or 24 h using different inclusion levels, 0% (control), 10%, 15% or 20% of the forage NDF content. Quadratic effects were observed on ivNDFd for all the sugars (P < 0.05) peaking at 10 and 15% of NDF for glucose and fructose. However, no significant differences were observed in ivNDFd among all inclusion levels for rhamnose and xylose. Glucose and fructose had quadratic effects on ivSd, decreasing digestion at 10% and 15% of NDF for both sugars. The concentrations of butyrate, propionate and isobutyrate were increased by glucose, rhamnose and xylose, respectively (P < 0.05) at 20% of NDF. The pH was maintained above 6.8 and remained unchanged. The aim of the second trial was to determine the effects of glucose, fructose, rhamnose and xylose on the rumen bacterial communities in lactating dairy cows. The analysis of bacterial communities was performed on rumen fluid residues from the in vitro fermentation of the sugars in the first trial. Bacterial communities were profiled using Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA). Differences were observed in bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between the control (0h; no sugars) and the sugar treatments with the control having the lowest OTUs. In general, bacterial richness and diversity were similar at 0 h and 24 h of fermentation. However, glucose differed in bacterial richness and diversity (H’) from the control. In conclusion, ivNDFd was increased at optimum inclusion levels of glucose and fructose (10 and 15% of NDF), beyond which it declined. The monosaccharide treatments had higher bacterial populations compared to the control. Further research is warranted on the effects of monosaccharides on the rumen microenvironment. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is bekend dat suikers rumenfermentasie-eienskappe en diereproduksie verbeter. Daar is egter nie veel navorsing wat op neutraalbestande veselvertering (NBVv) gefokus het nie en studies met monosakkariede is beperk. Die doel van die huidige studie was om die invloed van geselekteerde monosakkariede op in vitro NBVv (ivNBVv) en bakteriese gemeenskappe in lakterende melkkoeie te bepaal. Sewe nie-sintetiese monosakkariede, naamlik glukose, fruktose, ramnose, xylose, mannose en arabinose, is in ʼn voorlopige studie ondersoek. Hawerhooi (HH) of lusernhooi (LH) is afsonderlik met elk van die suikers geïnkubeer vir 12 of 24 ure en teen verskillende insluitingsvlakke, naamlik 0% (kontrole), 15% of 30% van die NBV inhoud. Geen verskille in ivNBVv is waargeneem tussen insluitingsvlakke van 15% of 20% van enige van die suikers nie. Fruktose en ramnose het ivNBVv verhoog, terwyl die res van die monosakkariede geen invloed op ivNBVv gehad het nie. Daar was egter ʼn neiging vir glukose en xylose om ivNBVv te verhoog teen ʼn insluitingsvlak van 30%. Monosakkariede wat ivNBVv verhoog het, of geneig het om dit te verhoog, is geselekteer vir verdere ondersoek. Die doel van die eerste studie was om die invloed van glukose, fruktose, ramnose en xylose op ivNBVv, in vitro styselvertering (ivSv), pH en vlugtige vetsuur (VVS) konsentrasie te bepaal. Hawerhooi, LH of ʼn luserngebaseerde volvoer (TGR) is apart met elk van die suikers geïnkubeer vir 12 of 24 ure en teen verskillende insluitingsvlakke, naamlik 0% (kontrole) 10%, 15% of 20% van die ruvoer NBV-inhoud. Kwadratiese effekte (P < 0.05) ten opsigte van ivNBVv is vir al die suikers waargeneem, met die hoogste waardes vir glukose en fruktose by insluitingsvlakke van 10 en 15% van NBV. Ramnose en xylose het egter geen invloed op ivNBVv gehad by enige insluitingsvlak nie. Glukose en fruktose het kwadratiese effekte op ivSv gehad waar verteerbaarheid met beide suikers verlaag is by insluitingsvlakke van 10% en 15% van NBV. Buteraat-, propionaat- en iso- buteraatkonsentrasies is onderskeidelik verhoog deur glukose, ramnose en xylose (P < 0.05) by ʼn insluitingsvlak van 20% van ruvoer-NBV. Die pH het onveranderd bo 6.8 gebly. Die doel van die tweede studie was om die invloed van glukose, fruktose, ramnose, en xylose op die rumen bakteriese gemeenskappe in lakterende melkkoeie te bepaal. Analises ten opsigte van bakteriese gemeenskappe is op die rumenvloeistofresidue van die in vitro fermentasies van die eerste studie gedoen. Die profiele van die bakteriese gemeenskappe is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van die Geoutomatiseerde Ribosoom-intergeenspasie-analise (bekend as ARISA). Verskille in bakteriële operasionele taksonomiese eenhede (OTU’s) is waargeneem tussen die kontrole (0 h, geen suikers) en die suikerbehandelings, met die kontrolebehandeling wat die laagste OTU’s gelewer het. In die algemeen was die bakteriële rykdom en diversiteit dieselfde by 0 h en 24 h fermentasie. Bakteriële rykdom en diversiteit (H’) het egter verskil met die glukosebehandeling. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat ivNBVv verhoog het met optimale insluitingsvlakke van glukose en fruktose (10 en 15% van NBV), waarna dit weer gedaal het. Die monosakkariedbehandelings het hoër bakteriese populasies tot gevolg gehad in vergelyking met die kontrole. Verdere navorsing om die invloed van monosakkariede op die rumenomgewing te ondersoek is geregverdig. Masters 2019-11-21T10:13:59Z 2019-12-11T06:40:57Z 2022-12-22T03:00:16Z 2019-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106969 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvii, 84 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Monosaccharides Rumen fermentation Rumination (Digestion) Fiber in animal nutrition Ruminants -- Feeding and feeds Digestion Rumen -- Microbiology Bacterial communities UCTD Nampasa, Mercy Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| title | Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| title_full | Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| title_fullStr | Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| title_short | Effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| title_sort | effects of monosaccharides on in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and the associated ruminal bacterial communities |
| topic | Monosaccharides Rumen fermentation Rumination (Digestion) Fiber in animal nutrition Ruminants -- Feeding and feeds Digestion Rumen -- Microbiology Bacterial communities UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106969 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nampasamercy effectsofmonosaccharidesoninvitroneutraldetergentfibredigestibilityandtheassociatedruminalbacterialcommunities |