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Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2019.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2019
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| _version_ | 1867613964357074945 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Ripunda, Cheroline |
| author2 | Booysen, M. J. |
| author_browse | Booysen, M. J. Ripunda, Cheroline |
| author_facet | Booysen, M. J. Ripunda, Cheroline |
| author_sort | Ripunda, Cheroline |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2019. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/107034 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:30.757Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/107034 Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools Ripunda, Cheroline Booysen, M. J. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Constrained dynamics UCTD Water-supply engineering Water use -- Schools Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2019. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water shortages are currently a global challenge. The scarcity of water sources is particularly evident in developing countries because of over population and high rates of urbanisation. The challenge is further worsened by the constraints on financial resources in these countries. For example, schools in the Western Cape experienced increased financial losses due water shortages brought on by the drought that hit the province between 2016 to 2018. As such, this research study proposed water demand solutions that use realtime data to understand and manage school water demand. This was done by using historical water data to understand and classify school water use. The effects of socio-economic and political variables on school water demand were then analysed. Thereafter, in an effort to reduce school water demand, two methods were employed to measure the impact of interventions that evaluated school-time and night-time water usage. The first was the MNF method, used to measure water losses. The other, was a RCT, which was used to quantify the reductions in water usage after employing two behavioural interventions, a Information Only and a Social Norm. The results of this research study highlighted several important aspects. The first being the importance of maintenance in managing school water demand. Consequently, effective "quick-fixes" resulted in drastic water usage reductions for several of the participating schools. Secondly, the results revealed that the current governmental funding policies are outdated and hence these policies need to be constantly updated in order to ensure that they influence water demand positively. The RCT results demonstrated that behavioural interventions are valuable in encouraging reduced water usage. Further, the Information Only intervention showed that self-monitoring is important for improving the overall management and maintenance of school water systems. While, the Social Norm intervention helped schools adopt water conservation cultures and was more effective in reducing school water usage during school hours. Overall, this study shed light on a topic that is often neglected, particularly in developing countries. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Watertekorte is tans « globale probleem. Hierdie skaarsheid van waterbronne is veral sigbaar in ontwikkelende lande as gevolg van oorbevolking en ho verstedelikingsgraad. Dit word verder vererger deur die beperkings op finansiële hulpbronne in hierdie lande. Skole in die Wes-Kaap het byvoorbeeld verhoogde finansiele verliese gely deur watertekorte wat veroorsaak is deur die droogte wat die provinsie tussen 2016 en 2018 getref het. As sodanig het hierdie navorsingsstudie watervraagoplossings voorgestel wat real-time data gebruik het om skoolwatervraag te verstaan en te bestuur. Dit is gedoen deur historiese waterdata te gebruik om skoolwatergebruik te verstaan en te klassifiseer. Die gevolge van sosio-ekonomiese en politieke veranderlikes op skoolwatervraag is dan ontleed. Daarna, in « poging om die skool se watervraag te verminder, is twee metodes aangewend wat gerig is op skool- en nagtydgebruik. Een daarvan was die MNF-metode, wat gebruik is om waterverbruikreduksieste kwantifiseer as « resultaat van « basiese instandhoudingsprojek wat by die skole gedoen is. Die ander, was « RCT, wat gebruik is om die vermindering van waterverbruik te kwantifiseer nadat twee gedragsintervensies en Inligting en Maatskaplike Norm-ingryping aangewend is. Die resultate van hierdie navorsingsstudie het verskeie belangrike aspekte uitgelig. Die eerste is die belangrikheid van instandhouding in die bestuur van skoolwatervraag. Gevolglik het effektiewe "quick fixes"gelei tot drastiese verminderings van waterverbruik vir verskeie van die deelnemende skole. Tweedens, het die resultate getoon dat die huidige regering se befondsingsbeleid « belangrike rol speel in die skool se vraag na water en daarom moet hierdie beleide voortdurend opgedateer word om te verseker dat hulle die vraag na water positief benvloed. Die RCT-resultate het getoon dat gedragsintervensies waardevol is om verminderde waterverbruik aan te moedig. Verder het die inligting-inmenging slegs getoon dat selfmonitering belangrik is vir die verbetering van die algehele bestuur en instandhouding van skoolwaterstelsels. Terwyl die Maatskaplike Norm-intervensie gehelp het, het skole waterbewaringskulture aangeneem en was dit meer doeltreffend om skoolwatergebruik gedurende skoolure te verminder. Masters 2019-10-28T06:45:19Z 2019-12-11T06:44:21Z 2019-10-28T06:45:19Z 2019-12-11T06:44:21Z 2019-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107034 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 92 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Constrained dynamics UCTD Water-supply engineering Water use -- Schools Ripunda, Cheroline Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools |
| title | Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools |
| title_full | Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools |
| title_fullStr | Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools |
| title_short | Demanding change in a constrained environment: water usage in schools |
| title_sort | demanding change in a constrained environment water usage in schools |
| topic | Constrained dynamics UCTD Water-supply engineering Water use -- Schools |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107034 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ripundacheroline demandingchangeinaconstrainedenvironmentwaterusageinschools |