Full Text Available
Note: Clicking the button above will open the full text document at the original institutional repository in a new window.
The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
| Published: |
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Tags: |
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1867613795249029120 |
|---|---|
| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Swart, Marli |
| author2 | Chimphango, Annie F. A. |
| author_browse | Chimphango, Annie F. A. Swart, Marli |
| author_facet | Chimphango, Annie F. A. Swart, Marli |
| author_sort | Swart, Marli |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2020. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/109261 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:46.856Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/109261 The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water Swart, Marli Chimphango, Annie F. A. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Process Engineering. Acetylated nanocellulose UCTD Corncobs hydrophobic-oleophilic Water contamination Aerogels Wheat straw Agricultural wastes -- Recycling Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2020. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The presence of hydrocarbons and triglycerides in water pose a technical challenge for wastewater processing or re-use. Hydrocarbon contamination reduces the water quality for available for human consumption and marine life. The available petrochemical-based oil-removing technologies either have negative environmental impacts or are non-selective and ineffective for oil removal. However, plant-based biosorbents, tailored for selective oil removal by surface acetylation reactions can overcome some of the challenges posed by traditional petrochemical-based sorbents.Therefore, the aim of this study entailed the production of bio-based sorbents from corncob (CC) and wheat straw(WS)and their respective cellulose andnanofibrillated cellulose(NFC)constituents, whichwerefunctionalised via acetylation methods that follow the greenchemistry principles, in order to increase selective oil sorption (OS, g/g). The functionalitiesof these feedstocks were critically dependant onthe replacement of hydrophilic hydroxylgroups on the molecular surface with hydrophobic acetyl groups to attainoleophilicity. The CCand WSwere tuned to become oleophilic via greenand non-greenacetylations. The greenmodification implemented acetic an hydride and iodine,and was optimised via central composite design (CCD),by varying temperature (50 –150 °C), time (0.6 –7.4 h)an diodine concentration (0.7 –7.4 % (w/w)).The optimal performances were compared to a cetylations achieved by the non-green methodology, which replaced the green iodine catalyst with non-green N-bromosuccinimide. The green acetylationyielded CC and WS with a selective OSofapproximately17 –18g/g, while the non-green modified CC and WSexhibitedOS of 17–20g/g. These OS performances were statistically similar(p < 0.05). Cellulose was extracted from unmodified biomass to improve the surface area for sorption. Oleophilic films were developed from CC and WS celluloseretrospective tosurface acetylation.The green acetylation was catalysed by a 50 % (w/w) NaOH-solutionand was optimised via CCDbyvarying temperature (40 –140 °C), time(3.8 –44.2 h) and catalyst volume (1.2 –13.8 % (v/v) NaOH-solution). Concurrently, the non-green acetylation implemented H2SO4as catalyst. The green modification yielded hydrophobic CC and WS films with OSof12 –13g/g, while the non-green CC and WS films had OS of 20 –21g/g.These results revealed that CC and WS had an analogous reaction when subjected to the same type of modification (i.e. greenor non-green). However, the non-green modifications outperformed the green modifications by 65 –69 %based on selective OS. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Raadpleeg teks vir opsomming Masters 2020-11-24T09:46:15Z 2021-01-31T19:41:41Z 2020-11-24T09:46:15Z 2021-01-31T19:41:41Z 2020-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/109261 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 227 pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Acetylated nanocellulose UCTD Corncobs hydrophobic-oleophilic Water contamination Aerogels Wheat straw Agricultural wastes -- Recycling Swart, Marli The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water |
| title | The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water |
| title_full | The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water |
| title_fullStr | The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water |
| title_full_unstemmed | The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water |
| title_short | The development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat-based particles from water |
| title_sort | development of biosorbents from agricultural waste sources for the separation of fat based particles from water |
| topic | Acetylated nanocellulose UCTD Corncobs hydrophobic-oleophilic Water contamination Aerogels Wheat straw Agricultural wastes -- Recycling |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/109261 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT swartmarli thedevelopmentofbiosorbentsfromagriculturalwastesourcesfortheseparationoffatbasedparticlesfromwater AT swartmarli developmentofbiosorbentsfromagriculturalwastesourcesfortheseparationoffatbasedparticlesfromwater |