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An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters
Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2021
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| _version_ | 1867613950425694208 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Brown, Joel Stephen |
| author2 | Nagel, Peter |
| author_browse | Brown, Joel Stephen Nagel, Peter |
| author_facet | Nagel, Peter Brown, Joel Stephen |
| author_sort | Brown, Joel Stephen |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/110103 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:17.380Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/110103 An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters Brown, Joel Stephen Nagel, Peter Stellebosch University. Faculty of Theology. Dept. of Old and New Testament. Hypotasso Greek language Bible. Epistles of Paul -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. “Hypotasso (The Greek word)” UCTD Submissiveness -- Religious aspects -- Christianity Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Koiné Greek verb hypotassō (ὑποτάσσω) is a rare term in ancient literature. Traditionally the term is rendered as “submit” or “subject” and features prominently in the “household codes” and parenetic of the deutero-Pauline and Catholic epistles. These so-called “submission” texts are used to justify and legitimize abusive behaviour—and even though literary and inscriptional evidence suggest this rendering is inaccurate, there seems to be resistance to responsibly adopting new terminology. This study asks two pertinent questions: (a) what did hypotassō signify for a first-century recipient of these epistles, and (b) is “submission” or “subject” the most faithful translations of the term. This study is a search for both designative (denotation) and associative (connotation) meaning, and includes a close, literary analysis of each usage of hypotassō found within the deutero-Pauline and Catholic epistles. This is followed by a comparative, semantic analysis of documents that attest to intertextual connections based on a shared conceptual thought-world. In the deutero-Pauline epistles, hypotassō is closely associated with “unity”, “brotherly love” and “partnership”. In the Catholic epistles the term is associated with “honour”, “humility”, and the “sovereignty of God”. Plutarch uses hypotassō to describe mutuality and cooperation in marriage, and Xenophon of cooperation in leadership. Wisdom literature reveals the term’s associations with shepherds, humility, and divinely authorized rule. In the Aesop Romance (Vita G), the term is used of kings creating hegemony, and how their subjects subvert it. In the end, the modern denotations and connotations of “submission” are shown to lack the complexity, nuance, and implicative flexibility of hypotassō—while “submission” is acquiescence to authority, hypotassō creates identity in navigating it. As a term of household and nation, hypotassō needs to be understood through the interpretative lens of the collectivistic, honour-shame cultures of the 1st century. In the nexus of community, honour, and the sovereignty of the divine, hypotassō finds its truest expressions in mutual obligation, not subjugation; respect, not compliance; and unity, contra chaos. Ultimately, hypotassō was not used to “put people in their place”, but to “create identity and connection” in a cultural quagmire. It is my hope that this research helps scholars reimagine and reinterpret the “submission” texts, so these texts can be translated with more fidelity and taught with more humility. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Koiné Griekse werkwoord hypotassō (ὑποτάσσω) is ʼn skaars term in antieke literatuur. Tradisioneel word die term met "onderwerp" of "onderdanig wees" vertaal, en word hoofsaaklik in die "huishoudelike kodes" en parenetiese gedeeltes van die deutoro-Pauliniese en Katolieke briewe gebruik. Hierdie sogenaamde "onderdandig wees" tekste word gebruik om gedrag wat spreek van mishandeling te regverdig en te legitimeer. En alhoewel die literêre en inskripsionele bewyse suggireer dat sodanige betekenis nie akkuraat is nie, word daar weerstand gebied om nuwe terminologie te oorweeg in die vertaling en interpretasie van tekste. Hierdie studie vra twee pertinente vrae: (a) wat hypotassō moontlik vir n eerste-eeuse leser sou kon beteken, en (b) is "onderwerping" of "onderdanig wees" getroue vertalings van die term. Die studie is ʼn ondersoek na beide ‘n toegeskryfde (aanduidend) en geassosieerde (konnotasie) betekenis van hypotassō, en sluit ʼn in-diepte lees en literêre analise van elk van die gebruike van hypotassō in die deutero-Pauliniese en Katolieke briewe in. Dit word gevolg deur ʼn vergelykende, semantiese analise van dokumente wat getuig van intertekstuele konneksies wat gebasseer is op ʼn gemeenskaplike konseptuele denkwêreld. In die deutero-Pauliniese briewe, word hypotassō geassosieer met "eenheid", "broederlike liefde" en "venootskap". In die Katolieke briewe word die term geassosieer met "eer", "nederigheid", en die "soewereiniteit van God". Plutarch gebruik hypotassō om gemeenskaplikheid en samewerking in ʼn huwelik te beskryf; en Xenophon om samewerkende leierskap te omskryf. Wysheidsliteratuur wys weer op die term se assosiasie met herders, nederigheid, en goddelike gesanksioneerde heerskappy. Die term in Aesop Romanse (Vita G) word gebruik vir konings wat hegenomie skep, en hoe hulle onderdane dit ondermyn. Op die ou einde wys moderne aanduidende en konnotatiewe betekenisse van "onderwerping" op ʼn gebrek aan die komplekse, genuanseerde, en impliserende buigsame karakter van hypotassō, terwyl "onderwerping" toegewy word aan gesag en hypotassō aan die skep van identiteit en die navigasie daarvan. As ʼn term van huishouding en nasie, behoort hypotassō verstaan te word deur die interpratiewe lens van die kollektiewe, eer-en-skaamte kultuur van die eerste-eeu. In die nexus van gemeenskap wees, eer, en die soewereiniteit van die goddelike, vind hypotassō sy volle uitdrukking in gemeenskaplike verpligting, nie onderwerping; respek, nie slaafse nakoming nie; en eenheid teenoor chaos. Die uiteinde is dat hypotassō nie gebruik is om "mense in hulle plek te plaas nie", maar om "identiteit en konneksies te skep" in ʼn kulturele moeras. Dit is my hoop dat hierdie studie navorsers sal help deurdat die "onderwerping" tekste die verbeelding opnuut weer sal aangryp en die tekse geherinterpreteer sal word, sodat die vertalings meer getrou sal wees, en die onderigting daarvan met nederigheid sal geskied. Masters 2021-03-01T14:29:19Z 2021-04-21T14:40:29Z 2021-03-01T14:29:19Z 2021-04-21T14:40:29Z 2021-03-01 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110103 en Stellenbosch University iv, 173 pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Hypotasso Greek language Bible. Epistles of Paul -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. “Hypotasso (The Greek word)” UCTD Submissiveness -- Religious aspects -- Christianity Brown, Joel Stephen An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters |
| title | An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters |
| title_full | An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters |
| title_fullStr | An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters |
| title_full_unstemmed | An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters |
| title_short | An intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotassō in the deutero-Pauline and Catholic letters |
| title_sort | intertextual perspective on the semantics of hypotasso in the deutero pauline and catholic letters |
| topic | Hypotasso Greek language Bible. Epistles of Paul -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. “Hypotasso (The Greek word)” UCTD Submissiveness -- Religious aspects -- Christianity |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110103 |
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