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Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya
Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2021
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| _version_ | 1867613784352227328 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Nyanchoka, Abednego Moriasi |
| author2 | Mbhenyane, Xikombiso |
| author_browse | Mbhenyane, Xikombiso Nyanchoka, Abednego Moriasi |
| author_facet | Mbhenyane, Xikombiso Nyanchoka, Abednego Moriasi |
| author_sort | Nyanchoka, Abednego Moriasi |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/110477 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:38.867Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/110477 Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya Nyanchoka, Abednego Moriasi Mbhenyane, Xikombiso Van Stuijvenberg, Lize Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Global Health. Division of Human Nutrition. Chronic diseases -- Risk factors -- Kenya Life style -- Health aspects -- Kenya Diet -- Health aspects -- Kenya Students -- Food habits -- Kenya UCTD Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. ENGLISH SUMMARY: Introduction: The nutrition transition and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the significant early onset of chronic diseases of lifestyle at younger ages in developing countries than in developed countries. In the past few decades, Kenya has increasingly faced a dietary shift as a result of the consumption of foods that are highly processed, high in calories, sugars, salt, and low consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes and whole grains. Consumption of unhealthy diets and unhealthy lifestyles has resulted in increased levels of chronic diseases of lifestyles in the Kenyan population. Aim: The study aimed to assess the fruit and vegetable consumption patterns, and risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle, among young adults attending Kenyatta University, Kenya. The study also explored the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and the risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical approach. Four hundred and twenty-three students aged 19 to 30 years attending Kenyatta University were randomly selected to participate in the study. Fruit and vegetable intake and consumption patterns were measured by conducting a 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. Dietary diversity was classified into nine food groups using data from the 24-hour recall. A dietary diversity score was calculated based on each food group consumed. Questionnaires were used to assess the fruit and vegetable intake levels. Physical and biochemical measurements were used to assess the biological risk factors of chronic diseases of lifestyle among the participants. Data were analysed by SPSS Version 26.0 (SPSS, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Mean daily intake of fruit amounted to 1.7 (95% CI 1.6 - 1.8) servings and 1.9 (95% CI) servings of vegetables in a typical day. The mean overall consumption of fruit and/or vegetables amounted to 3.6 (95% CI 3.5 - 3.8) servings in a typical day. These intakes were substantially lower than healthy eating guidelines and the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption per day, with only 21.5% (95% CI 17.6 - 25.5) of the sample meeting the WHO recommendation of at least five servings of fruit and/or vegetables per day. The mean number of days fruit and vegetables were consumed, were 3.9 (95% CI 3.6 - 4.1) days and 5.0 (95% CI 4.8 - 5.2) days, respectively, in a typical week. The prevalence of risk factors of chronic diseases of lifestyle were as follow: 6.1% (4.0 - 8.7) of the participants were heavy consumers of alcohol; 4.0% (2.4 - 6.7) were current tobacco users; 36.2% (31.2 - 41.0) were physically inactive and had a higher prevalence of inadequate intake of fruit and/or vegetables (78.5%, 95% CI 74.5 - 82.5). Biological risk factors were prevalent in this study; 18.2% (14.7 - 21.5) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0); 16.5% (13.2 - 19.6) were centrally obese (WC), 18.4% (14.9 - 22.0) were centrally obese (WHtR), 9.5% were centrally obese (WHR) (6.6 - 12.5); 8.3% (5.9 - 11.0) had raised blood pressure; and 39.5% (34.4 - 44.2) had raised cholesterol. A statistically significant association was observed between daily fruit consumption and central obesity (WC) (p = 0.006), and WHtR (p = 0.013). There was a significant association found between meeting the WHO recommendation for fruit and/or vegetables (≥ 5 servings/day) and combined risk factors of CDLs (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that fruit and vegetable consumption levels are lower in young adults, with 78.5% of the sample consuming lower amounts of fruits and vegetables than recommended by the WHO. The risk factors of chronic diseases of lifestyle are prevalent in the study sample, with 85% having at least one combined risk factors of chronic diseases of lifestyle. The findings suggest that higher levels of fruit and vegetable consumption are associated with higher levels of body adiposity. On this basis, special attention should be given to fruit and vegetable consumption and other risk factors of chronic diseases of lifestyle prevalent in young adults. The fact that these risk factors of chronic diseases of lifestyle have health implications later in life prompts the need to strengthen public health nutrition strategies to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in young adulthood and reduce chronic diseases of lifestyle later in life. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar. Masters 2021-05-21T13:20:51Z 2021-05-21T13:20:51Z 2021-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110477 en Stellenbosch University 240 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Chronic diseases -- Risk factors -- Kenya Life style -- Health aspects -- Kenya Diet -- Health aspects -- Kenya Students -- Food habits -- Kenya UCTD Nyanchoka, Abednego Moriasi Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya |
| title | Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya |
| title_full | Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya |
| title_short | Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among Kenyatta University students, Kenya |
| title_sort | fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of lifestyle among kenyatta university students kenya |
| topic | Chronic diseases -- Risk factors -- Kenya Life style -- Health aspects -- Kenya Diet -- Health aspects -- Kenya Students -- Food habits -- Kenya UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110477 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nyanchokaabednegomoriasi fruitandvegetableconsumptionpatternsandriskofchronicdiseasesoflifestyleamongkenyattauniversitystudentskenya |