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Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2021
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| _version_ | 1867614097323851776 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Buthelezi, Zibusiso Mayibongwe |
| author2 | Jacobs, Karin |
| author_browse | Buthelezi, Zibusiso Mayibongwe Jacobs, Karin |
| author_facet | Jacobs, Karin Buthelezi, Zibusiso Mayibongwe |
| author_sort | Buthelezi, Zibusiso Mayibongwe |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/124238 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:37.536Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/124238 Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments Buthelezi, Zibusiso Mayibongwe Jacobs, Karin Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Microbiology. Cladosporium species Indoor air quality Indoor fungal contamination Cladosporium -- Classification UCTD Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Indoor environments are ideally trusted for the protection of humans from harsh conditions that are normally encountered in the outdoor environment. However, the growth of microorganisms in indoor environments turns these habitats into potential threat of inhabitats safety and wellness. For that reason, this study addresses the issue of indoor air quality particularly fungal contamination in indoor environments. The indoor fungal communities can have a negative impact that compromises human health ranging from allergic diseases to life-threatening conditions. Furthermore, in South Africa there is still a large gap in the research of indoor fungi, thus, it is important that indoor microbiology findings are made available to the public domain. This study focuses on identifying Cladosporium species that grow and proliferate in the indoor environment and hopefully contribute to the understanding of their distribution in indoor environments of Southern Africa (SA). This study identified numerous Cladosporium species and described novel species using standardised DNA sequencing approaches and morphological diagnosis where necessary. The number of species identified in this study indicated how little we know of fungi from this region (SA) and revealed the obscured richness of Cladosporium diversity in SA in indoor environments. The genus of Cladosporium presents species that are of concern in various disciplines including public health and safety. Cladosporium species are ubiquitous fungi in the class Dothidiomycetes, order Capnodiales and family of Cladosporioaceae. Early attempts to resolve this genus recognised over 720 species in the early 2000s. These species are usually recognised by their dark pigmented colonies (dematiaceous fungi). The recently adopted DNA sequencing approach to identify Cladosporium species has resolved the taxonomic ambinguities of the genus and recognised 218 Cladosporium species. This emphasised the difficulty in separating Cladosporium species only with morphological based approaches. In this study we used both molecular and morphological techniques to identify Cladosporium species from indoor samples collected from Western Cape and received from Gauteng and Zimbabwe. Over 350 samples resembled culture characteristics of Cladosporium and 194 samples were subjected to molecular analysis, revealing 29 species, of which six are novel. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Binnehuise omgewings is ideaal vir die beskerming van mense teen toestande wat normaalweg in die buitelug voorkom. Dit maak 'n binnenshuise omgewing 'n goeie habitat vir die beskerming van die mens se lewe en welsyn. Weens onbeheerde abiotiese en biotiese faktore kan hierdie habitatte op hul beurt problematies raak vir menslike welstand. Om hierdie rede spreek hierdie studie die kwessie van binnenshuise luggehalte aan, veral swambesmetting in binnenshuise omgewings. Die binnenshuise swamgemeenskappe kan 'n negatiewe impak hê wat die gesondheid van mense in gevaar stel, van allergiese siektes tot lewensgevaarlike toestande. In Suid -Afrika is daar egter steeds 'n groot leemte in die navorsing oor binnenshuise swamme, en daarom is dit belangrik dat binnenshuise mikrobiologiese bevindings aan die publieke beskikbaar gestel word. Hierdie studie fokus op die identifisering van Cladosporium -spesies wat in die binnenshuise omgewing groei en vermeerder en hopelik bydra tot die begrip van hul verspreiding in binnenshuise omgewings van Suider -Afrika (SA). Hierdie studie het talle Cladosporium -spesies geïdentifiseer en nuwe spesies beskryf met behulp van die gestandaardiseerde DNA -volgordebenaderings en morfologiese diagnose waar nodig. Die aantal spesies wat in hierdie studie geïdentifiseer is, dui aan hoe min ons weet van swamme uit hierdie streek (SA) en het die ongekende rykdom van Cladosporium -diversiteit in SA in binnenshuise omgewings onthul. Die genus Cladosporium bevat spesies wat in verskillende dissiplines kommerwekkend is, waaronder openbare gesondheid en veiligheid. Cladosporium -spesies is alomteenwoordige swamme in die klas Dothidiomycetes, orde Capnodiales en familie Cladosporioaceae. Soos baie ander swamme, het vroeë pogings om hierdie genus te identifiseer, meer as 720 spesies in die vroeë 2000's uitgeken. Hierdie spesies word gewoonlik erken aan hul donker gepigmenteerde kolonies (dematiaceous fungi) en hul identifikasie was slegs gebaseer op morfologiese karakters. Dit was slegs 'n paar jaar gelede dat spesies van hierdie genus in 'n monografie behandel is deur 'n betroubare polifasiese benadering, wat 218 Cladosporium -spesies erken het. Dit beklemtoon die uitdagings om Cladosporium -spesies slegs met morfologies gebaseerde benaderings te skei. In hierdie studie het ons morfologiese sowel as molekulêre tegnieke gebruik om Cladosporium -spesies te identifiseer uit binnenshuise monsters wat in die Wes -Kaap versamel is, en wat uit Gauteng en Zimbabwe ontvang is. Meer as 350 monsters wat kultuurkenmerke van Cladosporium is ondersoek, en 190 monsters is aan 'n molekulêre analise onderwerp, wat 29 spesies onthul het, waarvan 6 nuut is. Masters 2021-12-06T09:24:24Z 2022-02-22T10:19:25Z 2021-12-06T09:24:24Z 2021-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/124238 en_ZA Stellenbosch University x, 111 pages : illustrations, map application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Cladosporium species Indoor air quality Indoor fungal contamination Cladosporium -- Classification UCTD Buthelezi, Zibusiso Mayibongwe Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| title | Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| title_full | Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| title_fullStr | Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| title_short | Cladosporium species in the natural habitat : a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| title_sort | cladosporium species in the natural habitat a source of contamination for indoor environments |
| topic | Cladosporium species Indoor air quality Indoor fungal contamination Cladosporium -- Classification UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/124238 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT buthelezizibusisomayibongwe cladosporiumspeciesinthenaturalhabitatasourceofcontaminationforindoorenvironments |