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The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2022
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| _version_ | 1867613920510869504 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Van Wyk, Harry |
| author2 | De Waal, Simon Jake |
| author_browse | De Waal, Simon Jake Van Wyk, Harry |
| author_facet | De Waal, Simon Jake Van Wyk, Harry |
| author_sort | Van Wyk, Harry |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2022. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126127 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:48.768Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126127 The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners Van Wyk, Harry De Waal, Simon Jake Grobler, Lara Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. Dept. of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medication Mountain running -- South Africa Trails -- Recreational use Sports -- Physiological aspects Running injuries Physical education and training -- Physiology Mountain running -- Epidemiology Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2022. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is an abundance of literature pertaining to injury epidemiology and running related injury (RRI) in road running. Comparatively, there is a scarcity of literature pertaining to trail running injury epidemiology, especially within South Africa. The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the site, type, incidence and severity of running related injuries in a cohort of South African trail runners. Forty-nine (n = 49) South African trail runners (29 men and 20 women) aged 18-60 years were included in the study. Participants performed more than 50% of their training volume on trails. Participants entered at different time periods and were observed for 16 weeks between August 2021 and February 2022. Participants completed a pre-observational period survey. Injury surveillance surveys were administered via SunSurveys every two weeks. The modified Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire for overuse injuries (OSTRC-O) (0.96; 0.91) was used to collect training and RRI data. A descriptive analysis was performed to present baseline and follow-up data. A Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality. Means, standard deviations, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (𝑋 ± 2 SD), and percentages were reported. Injury prevalence and incidence per 1000 h were calculated for both sexes. Independent samples t-tests, Welches tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to measure differences between sex. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the magnitude of reported effects between sexes. Pearson’s Chi-Squared test was used to evaluate associations between sex and running related characteristics. For all tests, statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. 71% of trail runners sustained a RRI during the observational period. Most of these (78%) injuries were overuse in nature. The most prevalent site for overuse RRI was the foot (49%), then the knee (24%), hip (17%), and lower back (10%). The ankle (32%) was the most prevalent acute RRI, followed by the knee (23%) and foot (14%). Ankle ligament sprains were the most common acute injury. A mean injury severity score of 47 was reported based on the OSTRC-O scale. An overall injury incidence of 22.2 RRIs per 1000 h was reported. Women reported a higher mean prevalence of all RRIs 25.2%, (95% CI: 11.9-38.6), with men reporting a mean prevalence of 19.1% (95% CI: 14.3-23.9). Women reported a statistically significant higher mean overuse RRI prevalence of 21.1% (95% CI: 7.2-34.9%) than men, 17.6% (95% CI:11.4-23.7%) (p = 0.33; d = 0.50) and a medium effect size. Trail running in the current study presents with a high injury incidence in comparison to most mainstream sporting codes as well as other prospective, epidemiological studies on road and trail running. Most injuries in this study occurred in the lower limb and were low to moderate in severity. Trail runners are fourfold more likely to incur an overuse injury than an acute injury. As such, precautionary measures should be taken to reduce injury likelihood, particularly in the lower limb. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is ’n oorvloed literatuur met betrekking tot beseringsepidiomologie en hardloop verbandhoudende beserings (HVB) in padwedlope. Vergelykend, is daar ’n tekort aan literatuur met betrekking tot die epidemiologie van veldwedloopbeserings veral in Suid Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vooruitwerkend die terrein, tipe, voorkoms en erns van hardloopverwante beserings in ’n groep Suid-Afrikaanse veldwedlopers te bepaal. Nege en veertig (N = 49) Suid-Afrikaanse veldwedlopers (29 mans en 20 dames) tussen die ouderdom van 18 tot 60 oud het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die deelnemers het meer as 50% van hulle inoefening volume tydens veldwedlope bereik. Deelnemers het op verskillende tydperke ingeskryf en is tussen Augustus 2021 en Februarie 2022 vir 16 weke waargeneem. ’n Pre-waarnemingsperiode vraelys is deur die deelnemers voltooi. ’n Twee maandelikse beseringsopname vraelys is met behulp van vraelyste administreer. Om inoefening en HVD data te bekom, is die aangepaste Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC-O) (0.96; 0.91) gebruik. Om die basislyn en opvolg data voor te stel is ’n beskrywende analise uitgevoer. ‘n Shapiro-Wilk toets is vir normaliteit gebruik. Gemiddeldes, standaard afwykings, 95% vertroue intervalle (VI) (𝑿 ± 2 SA), en persentasies is gerapporteer. Besering voorkoms en -omvang per 1000 uur is vir beide geslagte bereken. Onafhanklike steekproef t-toetse, Welches toetse en Mann-Whitney U-toetse is gebruik om die verskille tussen die geslagte te bepaal. Cohen se deffekgroottes is bereken om die grootte van die gerapporteerde assosiasies tussen die geslagte te assesseer. Om die assosiasies tussen geslag en hardloopverwante eienskappe te assesseer is Pearson se Chi-Squared toets gebruik. Statistiese betekenisvolheid is vir alle toetse op p < 0.05 gestel. Tydens die waarnemingsperiode het 71% van die verldwedlopers ’n HVD opgedoen. Die meeste van die beserings was oorgebruik van aard. Die mees algemene ligging vir die geleidelike aanvang van HVB was die voet (49%) gevolg deur die knie (24%), heup (17%) en lae rug (10%). Die enkel was die mees algemene skielike aanvang vanv vi HVB (32%) gevolg deur die knie (23%) en voet (14%). Die mees algemene vinnige aanvang besering was enkel ligament verstuiting. Gebaseer op die OSTRC- O skaal is ’n telling van 47 aan die ernstigheid van beserings gerapporteer. ’n Algehele beseringsvoorkoms van 22.2 per 1000 uur is gerapporteer. Dames het ’n hoer gemiddelde voorkoms van alle HVB getoon (25.2%, (95% CI: 11.9-38.6). By die mans is ’n gemiddelde voorkoms van 19.1% (95% CI: 14.3-23.9). ’n Statisties betekenisvolle hoer gemiddelde aanvang HVB van 21.1% (95% CI: 7.2-34.9%) is by dames in vergelyking met mans gevind 17.6% (95% CI:11.4-23.7%) (p = 0.33; d = 0.50) met medium effekgroottes gerapporteer. In die huidige studie verteenwoordig veldwedlope ’n hoer beseringsvoorkoms in vergelyking met die meeste hoofstroom sport kodes, asook ander ander voornemende epidemiologiese studies in pad- en veldwedlope. In die huidige studie het die meeste beserings van ’n lae to matige graad in die onderste ledemate voorgekom. Velwedloop atlete is vier keer meer geneig ’n geleidelike eerder as ’n skielike aanvangsbesering op te doen. As sulks moet voorkomende maatreels daargestel word om die waarskynlikheid van beserings, veral in die onderste ledemate, te verminder. Masters 2022-11-25T11:17:51Z 2023-01-16T12:51:28Z 2022-11-25T11:17:51Z 2023-01-16T12:51:28Z 2022-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126127 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xiii, 150 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Mountain running -- South Africa Trails -- Recreational use Sports -- Physiological aspects Running injuries Physical education and training -- Physiology Mountain running -- Epidemiology Van Wyk, Harry The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners |
| title | The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners |
| title_full | The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners |
| title_fullStr | The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners |
| title_full_unstemmed | The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners |
| title_short | The site, type and incidence of injuries in South African trail runners |
| title_sort | site type and incidence of injuries in south african trail runners |
| topic | Mountain running -- South Africa Trails -- Recreational use Sports -- Physiological aspects Running injuries Physical education and training -- Physiology Mountain running -- Epidemiology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126127 |
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