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The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2022
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| _version_ | 1867613763013705728 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Theron, Johannes Stephanus |
| author2 | Swanepoel, Pieter Andreas
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| author_browse | Swanepoel, Pieter Andreas
Theron, Johannes Stephanus |
| author_facet | Swanepoel, Pieter Andreas
Theron, Johannes Stephanus |
| author_sort | Theron, Johannes Stephanus |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2022. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126344 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:18.607Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126344 The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa Theron, Johannes Stephanus Swanepoel, Pieter Andreas Rose, Lindy J. Van Coller, Gert J. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Agronomy. Conservation agriculture -- South Africa -- Western Cape Crop rotation -- South Africa -- Western Cape Wheat -- South Africa -- Western Cape Tillage Fusarium crown rot -- Pathogenesis Crop residue management Wheat -- Residues Soils -- Quality UCTD Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2022. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conservation agriculture (CA) has been widely adopted in the Western Cape province of South Africa, where crop rotation, reduced soil disturbance and residue retention is commonly used. Consequently, fears for an increase in soil and stubble-borne diseases have risen. Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important stubble-borne disease globally due to being yield-limiting and likely to increase with more frequent droughts. Disease management relies on rotation with non-host crops and tillage practices which ultimately influences residue management. Crop rotation systems determine the type of residue present and tillage practice the distribution and load thereof. The effect of crop rotation and tillage practice on FCR disease incidence and severity have not been quantified locally and were therefore investigated together with agronomic parameters of wheat, residue load and decomposition. Long term soil quality trials (14 years) were used in two major wheat production areas (Langgewens in the Swartland, Tygerhoek in the southern Cape) of the Western Cape. Crop rotation systems at both localities consisted of wheat followed by either canola (Brassica napus), lupin (Lupinus spp.) and annual medics (Medicago spp.) compared to a wheat monoculture system. Tillage practices consisted of zero tillage (no primary soil disturbance, double disc planter), no tillage (no primary soil disturbance, tine planter), minimum tillage (shallow tine tillage, tine planter), and conventional tillage (shallow tine tillage followed by deep soil disturbance with a plough, tine planter). During 2020 and 2021, crop rotation systems with canola, medics and lupin significantly (P < 0.05) reduced FCR disease incidence and severity when compared to wheat monoculture. Wheat grain yield and quality were also increased when wheat was rotated with canola, medics and lupin compared to monoculture wheat. Furthermore, wheat grain yield and quality were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with FCR incidence and severity. FCR incidence and severity decreased (P < 0.05) with zero tillage without affecting grain yield or quality. Possible mechanisms identified to reduce FCR incidence and severity include better soil water conservation later in the season and shallower seeding than in more disturbed tillage practices. Residue load and seedling establishment also increased with zero tillage. Both zero- and no tillage increased residue decomposition compared to treatments with more soil disturbance during 2021. Therefore, crop rotation combined with zero tillage are essential for FCR disease management in Western Cape wheat production systems. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar. Masters 2022-11-23T15:59:09Z 2023-01-23T06:53:13Z 2022-11-23T15:59:09Z 2022-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126344 en Stellenbosch University xiv, 87 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Conservation agriculture -- South Africa -- Western Cape Crop rotation -- South Africa -- Western Cape Wheat -- South Africa -- Western Cape Tillage Fusarium crown rot -- Pathogenesis Crop residue management Wheat -- Residues Soils -- Quality UCTD Theron, Johannes Stephanus The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa |
| title | The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa |
| title_full | The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa |
| title_fullStr | The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa |
| title_short | The effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on Fusarium crown rot of wheat, agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the Western Cape of South Africa |
| title_sort | effect of crop rotation and tillage practices on fusarium crown rot of wheat agronomic parameters of wheat production and residue decomposition in the western cape of south africa |
| topic | Conservation agriculture -- South Africa -- Western Cape Crop rotation -- South Africa -- Western Cape Wheat -- South Africa -- Western Cape Tillage Fusarium crown rot -- Pathogenesis Crop residue management Wheat -- Residues Soils -- Quality UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126344 |
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