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Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete
Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2022.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022
2023
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| _version_ | 1867614060717015040 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Janse van Rensburg, Johannes Jacobus |
| author2 | Combrinck, Riaan |
| author_browse | Combrinck, Riaan Janse van Rensburg, Johannes Jacobus |
| author_facet | Combrinck, Riaan Janse van Rensburg, Johannes Jacobus |
| author_sort | Janse van Rensburg, Johannes Jacobus |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2022. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126396 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:01.452Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022 |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126396 Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete Janse van Rensburg, Johannes Jacobus Combrinck, Riaan Babafemi, Adewumi John Civil Engineering Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Three-dimensional printing Textile reinforcement 3D printed concrete Engineering -- Materials Additive manufacturing Flexural behaviour Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2022. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Additive manufacturing such as 3D concrete printing (3DCP), has recently gained significant attention due to its numerous benefits. However, 3DCP still has significant challenges to overcome before it can be fully adopted as a feasible alternative to conventional construction methods. The reinforcement of 3D printed concrete elements has proven to be challenging and needs to be addressed. Moreover, there are multiple aspects to this challenge that need to be taken into account, such as the lack of clear space above the filament layer being printed, difficulty in installing the reinforcement in different directions as well as integrating the reinforcement into the printing process. Various strategies have been studied in order to address these challenges, with different materials used as reinforcement before, during or after printing. However, before reinforcement can be applied, the behaviour of the consequent composite materials must first be studied. This study, therefore, investigates the flexural performance and behaviour of two different alkaliresistant (AR) glass textile materials as reinforcement to determine whether it is a feasible solution. During this study, two different methods of printing and applications of the textiles are considered, one where the elements are printed vertically and the textiles are pre-installed, and one where the elements are printed horizontally and the textiles are installed during the printing process. The textiles are applied in two different locations, one at the middle of the depth of the sample and one lower down. Samples are extracted from these printed elements and tested in flexure by conducting fourpoint bending tests 28 days after printing. After conducting these tests, the crack sequence and failure mechanisms of the variations are investigated. Furthermore, an optical microscope is used to gather more information regarding the performance and failure of the various samples. The results show that there is a significant increase in the flexural performance of the samples reinforced with an AR glass Textile A. Textile A is fully impregnated with epoxy resin, with high tensile strength, stiffness, and large cross-section area. Additionally, the application of this textile promotes deflection hardening structural behaviour. However, in contrast, there is a significant increase in ductility with no increase in flexural strength for the samples reinforced with an AR glass Textile B. Textile B is coated with styrene butadiene, with high tensile strength but a small section area. The results further indicate that the samples reinforced lower in the sample experience higher flexural strength with lower ductility and more variability in behaviour. During testing, it is also discovered that voids form underneath Textile A when applied to horizontally printed samples (between the interlayers), and that these voids influence the performance of the samples. The voids further influence the failure mode as well as the cracking sequence. Investigation of the failure of the samples reinforced with Textile A show two failure mechanisms occurring, namely, delamination and shear. Delamination always occurs when the textile is applied in the middle of the depth of the samples, but shear only occasionally occurs for the variation where the textile is applied lower in the sample. Additionally, telescopic failure is detected for Textile B. It is concluded that for both the textiles, the best performance, behaviour and repeatability are observed when the elements are vertically printed, and the textiles are placed in the middle of the depth of the sample. Among others, it is recommended to apply different variations of textiles, use different application techniques (such as retrofitting) and to explore the micro mechanical behaviour of 3DPC elements reinforced with textiles in future studies. AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: 3D-gedrukte beton (3DGB), het onlangs aansienlike aandag gekry vanweë sy talle voordele. Dit het egter steeds aansienlike uitdagings om te oorkom voordat dit ten volle aangeneem kan word as 'n haalbare alternatief vir konvensionele konstruksie metodes. Die bewapening van 3D-gedrukte beton elemente is egter ‘n reuse uitdaging en moet dus aangespreek word. Daar is verskeie aspekte van hierdie uitdaging wat in ag geneem moet word, soos die gebrek aan spasie bokant die filamentlaag wat gedruk word, uitdagins om die bewapening in verskillende rigtings te installeer, asook die integrasie van die bewapening met die drukproses. Verskeie strategieë is bestudeer om hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek, met verskillende materiale wat as bewapening voor, tydens of na drukwerk installeer word. Voordat bewapening egter toegepas kan word, moet die gedrag van die gevolglike saamgestelde materiale eers bestudeer word. Hierdie studie ondersoek dus die buigsterkte en gedrag van twee verskillende AR glasvesel tekstiel materiale as bewapening, om te bepaal of dit 'n haalbare oplossing is. Tydens hierdie studie word twee verskillende metodes van gedrukte beton en aanwending van die tekstiele oorweeg, een waar die elemente vertikaal gedruk word en die tekstiele vooraf geïnstalleer is, en een waar die elemente horisontaal gedruk word en die tekstiele geïnstalleer word tydens die drukproses. Die tekstiele word op twee verskillende plekke aangewend, een in die middel van die diepte van die monster, en een laer af in die monster. Monsters word uit die gedrukte elemente onttrek om in buiging getoets te word, deur vierpuntbuigtoetse op 28 dae ouderdom. Nadat hierdie toetse uitgevoer is, word die kraakvolgorde en falings meganismes van die variasies ondersoek. Verder word 'n optiese mikroskoop gebruik om meer inligting oor die werkverrigting en faling van die verskillende monsters in te samel. Die resultate toon dat daar 'n beduidende toename is in die buigsterkte van die monsters wat versterk is met 'n AR-glasvesel Tekstiel A. Textiel A is volledig geïmpregneer met epoksiehars, met 'n hoë treksterkte, styfheid en groot deursnee area. Boonop bevorder die aanwending van hierdie tekstiel die defleksie verharding gedrag. Daarteenoor is daar egter 'n beduidende toename in taaiheid met geen toename in buigsterkte vir die monsters wat versterk is met 'n AR glasvesel Tekstiel B. Tektiel B is bedek met stirienbutadieen, met 'n hoë treksterkte maar 'n klein deursnee area. Die resultate dui verder aan dat die monsters wat laer in die monster versterk is, hoër buigsterkte ervaar met laer taaiheid en meer variasie in gedrag. Tydens toetsing word dit ook ontdek dat leemtes onder Tekstiel A vorm wanneer dit vir horisontaal gedrukte monsters (tussen die tussenlae) toegepas word, en dat hierdie leemtes die werkverrigting van die monsters beïnvloed. Die leemtes beïnvloed verder ook die falingsmeganisme sowel as die kraakvolgorde. Ondersoek na die mislukking van die monsters wat met Tekstiel A versterk is, toon twee falingsmeganismes wat voorkom, naamlik delaminering en skuif. Delaminering vind altyd plaas wanneer die tekstiel in die middel van die diepte van die monsters toegedien word, maar skuif vind slegs af en toe plaas vir die variasie waar die tekstiel laer in the monster aangewend word. Daarbenewens word teleskopiese faling vir Tekstiel B gemerk. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat vir beide tekstiele, die beste werksverrigting, gedrag en herhaalbaarheid waargeneem word wanneer die elemente vertikaal gedruk word en die tekstiele in die middel van die diepte van die monster geplaas word. Dit word onder andere aanbeveel om verskillende variasies van tekstiele toe te pas, verskillende toepassingstegnieke te gebruik en om die mikromeganiese gedrag van 3DGB-elemente wat met tekstiele versterk word in toekomstige studies te ondersoek. Masters 2023-01-26T07:06:24Z 2023-01-26T07:06:24Z 2022-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126396 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xii, 111 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022 |
| spellingShingle | Three-dimensional printing Textile reinforcement 3D printed concrete Engineering -- Materials Additive manufacturing Flexural behaviour Janse van Rensburg, Johannes Jacobus Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete |
| title | Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete |
| title_full | Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete |
| title_fullStr | Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete |
| title_short | Alkali-resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3D printed concrete |
| title_sort | alkali resistant glass textile reinforcement of 3d printed concrete |
| topic | Three-dimensional printing Textile reinforcement 3D printed concrete Engineering -- Materials Additive manufacturing Flexural behaviour |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126396 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jansevanrensburgjohannesjacobus alkaliresistantglasstextilereinforcementof3dprintedconcrete |