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The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613741644775424 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Mathewson, Steven |
| author2 | Van der Merwe, Christo H. J. |
| author_browse | Mathewson, Steven Van der Merwe, Christo H. J. |
| author_facet | Van der Merwe, Christo H. J. Mathewson, Steven |
| author_sort | Mathewson, Steven |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126906 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:40:58.109Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/126906 The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew Mathewson, Steven Van der Merwe, Christo H. J. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Ancient Studies. Cognitive linguistics Hebrew language -- Grammar Hebrew language -- Verb Hebrew language -- Etymology Bible -- Old Testament -- Language, Style Semantics UCTD Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is an investigation of the complementation of the verb ראה in Biblical Hebrew. The problem it addresses is the lack of a coherent account of the various complements selected by this verb, as well as the semantic or pragmatic effects of these various complements. This investigation begins with a survey of previous lexical studies of the verb ראה and establishes that the verb’s most basic sense is perception with the eyes and that this meaning regularly extends metaphorically to cognition—that is, understanding or realization. Then, this study utilizes an eclectic collection of insights from Cognitive Linguistics as the framework for investigating a data set that includes the 1,303 occurrences of the verb ראה in the Hebrew Bible. The concepts that have shaped this linguistic framework include complementation, embodiment, intersubjectivity, information state, and sensory perception. A key feature of the investigation is the grouping and analysis of the verb ראה and the complements it selects within the following categories: • ראה + Object (with or without the object marker אֵת ) • ראה + Ø (no explicit complement) • ראה + כִּי (that) • ראה + וְהִּנֵה (and behold) • ראה + אֲשֶׁר (how) • ראה + prepositions (בְְּ, in/into; עַל, on/upon, etc.) • ראה + other particles (interrogatives, etc.) This investigation yielded several results. First, it determined how the collocation of the verb ראה with various kinds of complements effects meaning. For example, ראה + כִּי constructions signify a mental perception of a proposition which can even be derived from means other than eyesight. Second, it determined that the most prototypical construction involving the verb ראה in the Hebrew Bible is ראה + Object (50.5% of the total instances) and that its prototypical sense is the perception of an object or event with one’s eyes. Third, it established various metaphorical extensions and metonymic paths that move from this sense to others. For example, ראה can extend metaphorically from visual perception with an intentional look to meanings like “inspect” or “choose.” An example of a metonymic path is see → see and encounter → make an effort to see and encounter (= visit). Fourth, this study provided insight into unique expressions associated with the verb ראה . For example, lift up her/his/my eyes signifies an intentional effort to acquire knowledge. Fifth, this study considered how the complementation of other BH verbs of sight and perception compare with the complementation of ראה . For example, the other sight verbs occur with much less frequency and always signify intentional acts of looking. By contrast, ראה frequently denotes the visual stimulation that happens automatically in bodily experience. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ’n ondersoek na die komplementering van die werkwoord ראהְּ in Bybelse Hebreeus. Die probleem wat dit aanspreek, is die gebrek aan ’n samehangende weergawe van die verskillende komplemente wat deur hierdie werkwoord geselekteer word, sowel as die semantiese of pragmatiese effek van hierdie verskillende geselekteerde komplemente. Hierdie ondersoek begin met ’n oorsig van vorige leksikale studies van die werkwoord ראה en stel vas dat die werkwoord se mees basiese betekenis persepsie met die oe is en dat hierdie betekenis gereeld metafories uitgebrei word tot kognisie - dit is begrip, bewustheid of besef van x. Hierdie studie gebruik dan ’n eklektiese versameling van insigte uit Kognitiewe Linguistiek as raamwerk vir die ondersoek van die 1303 gevalle van die werkwoord ראה in die Hebreeuse Bybel. Die volgende konsepte het hierdie linguistiese raamwerk gevorm: komplementering, beliggaming, intersubjektiwiteit, inligtingtoestand en sensoriese persepsie. ’n Sleutelkenmerk van die ondersoek is die groepering en ontleding van die werkwoord ראה en die komplemente wat dit selekteer in terme van die volgende kategoriee: • ראה + Voorwerp (met of sonder die voorwerpmerker אֵת ) • ראה + Ø (geen eksplisiete komplement nie) • ראה + כִּי (dit) • ראה + וְהִּנֵה (en kyk) • ראה + אֲשֶׁר (hoe) • ראה + voorsetsels (בְְּ, in; עַל , aan/op, ens.) • ראה + ander partikels (vraagwoorde, ens.) Hierdie ondersoek het verskeie resultate opgelewer. Eerstens het dit vasgestel hoe die samestelling van die werkwoord ראה met verskillende soorte komplemente die betekenis daarvan beinvloed. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat sekere soorte konstruksies vorm-betekenis-pare verteenwoordig. Byvoorbeeld, ’n ראה + כִּי -konstruksies verwys na die verstandelike persepsie van ’n proposisie wat nie noodwendig deur middel van sig verkry is nie. Tweedens het dit bepaal dat die mees prototipiese konstruksie waarby die werkwoord ראה in die Hebreeuse Bybel betrokke is, ראה + Voorwerp (50,5% van die totale gevalle) is, en dat die prototipiese betekenis daarvan die waarneming van 'n voorwerp of gebeurtenis met ’n mens se oe is. Derdens het dit verskillende metaforiese uitbreidings en metonimiese paaie geidentifiseer wat die verskuiwing van hierdie betekenis na ander betekenisse verduidelik. Byvoorbeeld, ראה kan metafories uitbrei van visuele waarneming na ’n opsetlike kyk met betekenisse soos inspekteer of kies. ’n Voorbeeld van 'n metonimiese pad is → sien en teekom → moeite doen om te sien en te ontmoet (= besoek). Vierdens het hierdie studie insig gegee in unieke uitdrukkings soos sien met jou/my oe of lig haar/sy/my oe op, sowel as in ongewone gebruike wat die werkwoord ראה . Vyfdens, het hierdie studie die komplementering van ander BH-werkwoorde van sig en waarneming vergelyk met die komplementering van ראה . Die ander werkwoorde van sig kom byvoorbeeld baie minder voor en dui altyd op opsetlike handelinge van kyk. Daarteenoor dui ראה dikwels die visuele stimulasie aan wat outomaties tydense ’n liggaamlike ervaring plaasvind. Doctoral 2023-05-16T07:09:04Z 2023-05-16T07:09:04Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126906 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 262 pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Cognitive linguistics Hebrew language -- Grammar Hebrew language -- Verb Hebrew language -- Etymology Bible -- Old Testament -- Language, Style Semantics UCTD Mathewson, Steven The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew |
| title | The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew |
| title_full | The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew |
| title_fullStr | The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew |
| title_full_unstemmed | The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew |
| title_short | The complementation of ראה in Biblical Hebrew |
| title_sort | complementation of ראה in biblical hebrew |
| topic | Cognitive linguistics Hebrew language -- Grammar Hebrew language -- Verb Hebrew language -- Etymology Bible -- Old Testament -- Language, Style Semantics UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126906 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mathewsonsteven thecomplementationofrʼhinbiblicalhebrew AT mathewsonsteven complementationofrʼhinbiblicalhebrew |