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Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613982995513344 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Nkone Alphonci, Malapane |
| author2 | Jenkins, Kim |
| author_browse | Jenkins, Kim Nkone Alphonci, Malapane |
| author_facet | Jenkins, Kim Nkone Alphonci, Malapane |
| author_sort | Nkone Alphonci, Malapane |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127101 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:48.111Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127101 Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials Nkone Alphonci, Malapane Jenkins, Kim Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Compacting Bituminous materials Asphalt -- Additives Vibrated concrete Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of bitumen to stabilise the cold recycled material is an environmentally friendly and costeffective technology that has been successfully used by many countries around the world, including South Africa. Since the invention of this technology, a lot of research has been undertaken on design, construction, rehabilitation, and quality control, and several standards and guidelines have been published on Bitumen Stabilised Materials (BSMs). Despite this outstanding work, more research is still needed especially on other possible materials to be stabilised with bitumen, other suitable laboratory compaction methods, new additives, and active fillers. This research study is focused on the effect of laboratory compaction methods (Modified AASHTO, gyratory, and vibrating hammer) on the density, tensile strength, and shear properties of the materials stabilised with foamed bitumen. The research findings could assist pavement engineers in their selection of the most effective compaction method specifically for BSMs. The materials used are G2 and reclaimed asphalt blended in different ratios (100% G2, 25% G2 and 75% RA, as well as 100% RA). The same amount of active filler (1% hydrated lime) has been used in all BSM mixes, but the amount of binder (70/100 penetration grade bitumen) was varied slightly based on the TG2 (2020) guidance. The binder content used was 2%, 2.1%, and 2.2% for 100% RA; 25% G2 and 75% RA; as well as 100% G2 BSM mixes respectively. The indirect tensile strength (ITS) testing was done to determine the influence of density and packing on the tensile strength of the different BSM mixes compacted with different compaction methods. The shear parameters were obtained from the monotonic triaxial testing. The research results indicate that the gyratory compactor and the vibrating hammer are suitable laboratory compaction methods for the compaction of materials stabilised with foamed bitumen. Both compaction methods compact the BSM to high density, indirect tensile strength, and shear parameters. The vibrating hammer, however, is more suitable for the compaction of high-quality materials with less content of reclaimed asphalt, while the gyratory compactor is more suitable for the compaction of mixes with a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt. The Modified AASHTO compaction method is not suitable for the compaction of BSM. It only compacts the BSM to high density, but the indirect tensile strength and shear parameters results do not provide sufficient evidence of BSM performance, especially for G2 material with high reclaimed asphalt content. AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van bitumen om koue herwinde materiaal te stabiliseer is 'n omgewingsvriendelike en kostedoeltreffende tegnologie wat suksesvol deur baie lande regoor die wêreld, insluitend SuidAfrika, gebruik word. Sedert die ontwikkeling van hierdie tegnologie is baie navorsing oor die ontwerp, konstruksie, rehabilitasie en kwaliteitbeheer onderneem, en verskeie standaarde en riglyne is oor Bitumen Gestabiliseerde Materiale (BSMs) gepubliseer. Ten spyte van die huidige navorsing en riglyne , is meer navorsing nodig, veral oor alternatiewe materiale en kombinasies van materiale wat moontlike met bitumen gestabiliseer kan word in praktyk, ander geskikte laboratorium kompaksie metodes, nuwe bymiddels en aktiewe vullers. Hierdie navorsingstudie is gefokus op die invloed van laboratorium kompaksie metodes (Gemodifiseerde AASHTO, draaien vibrerende hamer) op die digtheid, treksterkte en skuifeienskappe van die materiale wat met skuim bitumen gestabiliseer is. Die navorsing se bevindings kan plaveiselingenieurs help met hul keuse van die mees doeltreffende konstruksie kompaksie metode spesifiek vir BSM'e. Die materiale wat in die navorsing gebruik was, is G2 en herwonne asfalt wat in verskillende verhoudings gemeng is (100% G2, 25% G2 en 75% RA, asook 100% RA). Dieselfde hoeveelheid aktiewe vulstof (1% gehidreerde kalk) word in alle BSM-mengsels gebruik, maar die hoeveelheid bindmiddel (70/100 penetrasiegraad bitumen) varieer gebaseer op die TG2-riglyne. Die binder inhoud wat gebruik word, is 2%, 2.1% en 2.2% vir 100% RA; 25% G2 en 75% RA; asook 100% G2 BSM-mengsels onderskeidelik. Die indirekte treksterkte (ITS) toetsing is gedoen om die invloed van digtheid en pakking op die treksterkte van die verskillende BSM- mengsels wat met verskillende kompaksie metodes gekompakteer is, te bepaal. Die skuif-parameters is verkry uit die monotoniese drieassige toets. Die navorsingsresultate dui daarop dat die draaiende kompakteerder en die vibrerende hammer geskikte laboratorium kompaksie metodes is vir die kompaksie van materiale wat met skuim bitumen gestabiliseer is. Beide kompaksie metodes kompakteer die BSM tot hoë digtheid, met voldoende indirekte treksterkte en skuif-parameters. Die vibrerende hamer is egter meer geskik vir die verdigting van natuurlike materiaal van hoë gehalte met minder inhoud van herwonne asfalt, terwyl die draaiende kompakteerder meer geskik is vir die verdigting van mengsels met 'n hoë persentasie herwonne asfalt. Die gemodifiseerde AASHTO kompaksie metode is nie geskik vir die kompaksie van BSM nie. Dit kompakteer slegs die BSM tot 'n hoë digtheid, maar die indirekte treksterkte en skuif parameter resultate lewer nie voldoende bewyse dat dit voldoen aan voorgeskrewe BSM-standaarde nie, veral vir G2-materiaal met 'n hoë herwonne asfalt inhoud. Masters 2023-02-13T17:00:11Z 2023-05-18T07:04:19Z 2023-02-13T17:00:11Z 2023-05-18T07:04:19Z 2023-02 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127101 en_ZA en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvii, 155 pages : illustrations. application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Compacting Bituminous materials Asphalt -- Additives Vibrated concrete Nkone Alphonci, Malapane Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| title | Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| title_full | Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| title_fullStr | Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| title_short | Comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| title_sort | comparative study of laboratory compaction procedures for bitumen stabilised materials |
| topic | Compacting Bituminous materials Asphalt -- Additives Vibrated concrete |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127101 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nkonealphoncimalapane comparativestudyoflaboratorycompactionproceduresforbitumenstabilisedmaterials |