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Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery
Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613824052363264 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Buhrmann, Sophia Wilhelmine |
| author2 | Van der Merwe, Johan |
| author_browse | Buhrmann, Sophia Wilhelmine Van der Merwe, Johan |
| author_facet | Van der Merwe, Johan Buhrmann, Sophia Wilhelmine |
| author_sort | Buhrmann, Sophia Wilhelmine |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127106 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:42:15.919Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127106 Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery Buhrmann, Sophia Wilhelmine Van der Merwe, Johan Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. Computer-assisted surgery Total knee replacement Knee -- Surgery UCTD Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH SUMMARY: In this project, an image-less surgical navigation concept demonstrator used for aiding total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery is developed. The concept demonstrator can estimate and display anatomical information about the knee necessary to perform a TKA surgery that would otherwise be obtained from preoperative images. The concept demonstrator comprises mapping hardware that samples geometric information of the femur bone to create the map of the femur, and predictive software. The map of the femur includes the surface of the distal femur and the centre of the femoral head. The predictive software consists of statistical shape models and fitting algorithms that fit a model to a femur map in order to infer the femur’s full shape and its anatomic axis, mechanical axis and anatomical-mechanical axis angle (AMA). The models developed for this concept demonstrator are statistical deformation models with reduced dimensionality found through principal component analysis. The shape models are optimised, resulting in three femur models: low-order and high order female models, and a male model. Multiple fitting algorithms are developed, and three suitable algorithms remain after validation. The performance of the concept demonstrator and its components are tested on a mock setup comprising 3D-printed femur replicas. The hardware tests indicate that the components of the mapping hardware used to map the surface of the distal femur have a high dimensional and positional accuracy, which reflects in the accuracy of the sampled map of the distal femur. The sampled femoral head centres appear to have more significant errors than the sampled distal femoral maps. The prediction algorithms are tested by fitting models first to simulated femur maps and then to the maps of the femurs sampled with the mapping hardware. The results of both these tests show that all of the algorithms approximate valid femur shapes where the femoral head and distal femur are estimated well, but the shaft and the greater trochanter are not approximated equally well. The mechanical axis is approximated better than the anatomical axis, and the AMA approximations are accurate enough for a surgeon to use the AMA values to indicate how to cut the femur bone in TKA surgery. The prediction algorithms perform slightly worse when tested on sampled femoral maps than on simulated ones. While the concept demonstrator performs well in a mock setup, clinical tests can be done to further investigate its performance. Furthermore, the scope is limited such that the concept demonstrator only approximates the most important anatomical information necessary for TKA surgery. Further research may be done to include the remainder of the anatomical information. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie projek dokumenteer die ontwikkeling en bou van ’n skanderingsvrye chirurgiese navigasie konsep demonstreerder wat gebruik word vir totale knie vervanging (TKA). Die konsep demonstreerder kan anatomiese inligting van die knie, wat andersins uit preoperatiewe mediese beelde verkry sou word, skat en vertoon. Die konsep demonstreerder bestaan uit hardeware wat anatomiese inligting van ’n femurbeen kan vasvang om ’n kaart van die femur te skep, asook voorspellende sagteware. Die kaart van die femur sluit die oppervlak van die distale femur en die middel van die femurkop in. Die voorspellende sagteware bestaan uit statistiese vorm-modelle en pasalgoritmes wat ’n model op ’n femurkaart pas om die femur se volle vorm en sy anatomiese as, meganiese as en anatomies-meganiese ashoek (AMA) af te lei. Die modelle wat vir hierdie konsep demonstreerder ontwikkel is, is statistiese vervormingsmodelle met verminderde dimensionaliteit wat deur hoofkomponent-analise verkry word. Die vorm-modelle is geoptimaliseer, wat lei tot drie femur-modelle: lae-orde en hoe-orde vroulike modelle, en ’n manlike model. Pasalgoritmes word ontwikkel en gevalideer. Drie pasalgoritmes bly oor na validering. Die prestasie van die konsep demonstreerder en sy komponente word getoets op ’n eksperimentele opstelling wat 3D-gedrukte femur replikas inkorporeer. Die toetse met hardeware dui aan dat die komponente wat gebruik word om die oppervlak van die distale femur te karteer, ’n hoe dimensionele en posisionele akkuraatheid het. Die akkurataatheid word bevestig deur die akkuraatheid van die kaart van die distale femur. Die middel van die femurkop (soos gekarteer deur die hardeware) blyk meer beduidende foute te he as die gekaarteerde distale femur. Die pasalgoritmes word eers getoets deur modelle te pas op gesimuleerde femurkaarte en dan op die kaarte van die femurs wat met die karteringhardeware gekarteer is. Die resultate van beide hierdie toetse toon dat al die algoritmes geldige femurvorms voorspel, waar die femorale kop en distale femur goed geskat word, maar dat die skag en die groter trochanter minder akkuraat geskat is. Die meganiese as word beter geskat as die anatomiese as. Die AMA-afleidings is akkuraat genoeg vir ’n chirurg om die AMA-waardes te gebruik as ’n aanduiding van hoe om die femurbeen in TKA-chirurgie te sny. Die pasalgoritmes presteer effens swakker wanneer dit op femorale kaarte deur hardeware gekarteer is getoets word as wanneer dit op gesimuleerde kaarte getoets word. Alhoewel die konsep demonstreerder goed presteer in ’n skynopstelling, kan kliniese toetse gedoen word om die prestasie daarvan verder te ondersoek. Die navorsing is beperk sodat die konsep demonstreerder benaderings slegs die noodsaaklike anatomiese inligting vir TKA operasies voorspel. Verdere navorsing kan gedoen word om die res van die anatomiese inligting in te sluit. Masters 2023-03-02T08:06:25Z 2023-05-18T07:04:34Z 2023-03-02T08:06:25Z 2023-05-18T07:04:34Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127106 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xviii, 124 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Computer-assisted surgery Total knee replacement Knee -- Surgery UCTD Buhrmann, Sophia Wilhelmine Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| title | Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| title_full | Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| title_fullStr | Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| title_short | Development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| title_sort | development of a surgical navigation system with predictive software for aiding knee surgery |
| topic | Computer-assisted surgery Total knee replacement Knee -- Surgery UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127106 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT buhrmannsophiawilhelmine developmentofasurgicalnavigationsystemwithpredictivesoftwareforaidingkneesurgery |