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The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867614136363384832 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Ebrahim, Taskeen |
| author2 | Perold, Willem |
| author_browse | Ebrahim, Taskeen Perold, Willem |
| author_facet | Perold, Willem Ebrahim, Taskeen |
| author_sort | Ebrahim, Taskeen |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127182 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:47:14.760Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127182 The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer Ebrahim, Taskeen Perold, Willem Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer Biosensors Pancreas – Cancer – Early detection Radioimmunoassay Impedance spectroscopye Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest cancer mortality rates, as it is often detected in late stages. Current methods of detection include diagnostic imaging tests or laboratory intensive blood tests such as radioimmunoassays or ELISAs. Researchers have used biosensors for detection and monitoring of different medical conditions, as a more accessible and cheaper alternative. This project focuses on the design of a biosensor toward the early detection of pancreatic cancer, using Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) as the selected biomarker for the biosensor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was identified as an appropriate transducer mechanism for this biosensor and uses gold interdigitated electrodes as a sensor transducer surface. Anti-CA19-9 antibodies were immobilized onto gold using covalent bonding and crosslinking chemistries, and binding was validated using fluorescence microscopy. After electrodes were electronically characterized to identify the appropriate impedance and frequency ranges, an impedance analyser was designed, fabricated, and tested, with added computation of complex capacitance. The impedance analyser was calibrated and tested relative to the PalmSens4 Electrochemical Interface. The designed impedance analyser showed mean impedance and phase errors of 0.538% and 0.381% respectively. Similarly, the accuracy of complex capacitance computation showed errors of 1.222% and 0.656% for real and imaginary components respectively. The impedance analyser differentiated between changes in concentration of phosphate buffered saline using complex capacitance. The biosensor was tested with five concentrations of CA19-9 and differentiated between concentrations above and below the thresholds for pancreatic cancer. The design of a novel impedance analyser utilizing complex capacitance computation for the quantification of CA19-9 using IDEs fabricated on an FR4 board is a unique contribution to biosensor research. AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Pankreaskanker het een van die hoogste kanker sterftesyfers omdat dit meestal te laat gediagnoseer word. Huidige deteksiemetodes sluit diagnostiese beeldvorming en intensiewe laboratorium bloedtoetse, soos radio-immunotoetse of ELISA’s, in. Navorsers gebruik biosensors vir die opsporing en monitering van mediese toestande reeds vir ’n geruime tyd, omdat dit meer toeganklik en bekostigbaar is. Hierdie projek fokus op die ontwerp van ’n biosensor vir die vroegtydige opsporing van pankreaskanker deur van Koolhidraat Antigeen 19-9 (KA19-9) as biomerker gebruik te maak. Elektrochemiese impedansie spektroskopie is ge¨ıdentifiseer as die geskikte omsetter vir die biosensor, en maak gebruik van goue interdigitale elektrodes as ’n sensor omsetter oppervlak. Anti-KA19-9 teenliggampies is op goud ge¨ımmobiliseer deur van kovalente bindings en kruisbindende chemie gebruik te maak, en die suksesvolle binding is deur fluoressensie mikroskopie geverifieer. Nadat die elektrodes elektroniese gekarakteriseer is om die toepaslike impedansie- en frekwensiebereik vas te stel, is ’n impedansie-analiseerder, wat ook komplekse kapasitansie kan bereken, ontwerp, gebou en getoets. Die ontwerpte impedansie-analiseerder is gekalibreer en getoets met die PalmSens4 Elektrochemiese tussenvlak as verwysing. Met die ontwerpte impedansie-analiseerder is gemiddelde impedansie- en fasefoute van 0.538% en 0.381%, onderskeidelik, verkry. Soortgelyk, is akkuraatheid van onderskeidelik 1.222% en 0.656% verkry vir die re¨ele en imaginˆere gedeeltes van die berekende komplekse kapasitansies. Die impedansie-analiseerder was in staat om verskille in die konsentrasie van fosfaat-gebufferde soutoplossing met behulp van berekende waardes van komplekse kapasitansie suksesvol te meet. Die biosensor is ook met vyf konsentrasies van KA19-9 getoets en kon suksesvol differensieer tussen konsentrasies bo en onder die drempel vir pankreaskanker. Die implementering van ’n unieke impedansie-analiseerder, wat van die berekening van komplekse kapasitansie gebruik maak om KA19-9 te kwantifiseer, en ook interdigitale elektrodes op ’n FR4 substraat gebruik as omsetter, is ’n unieke bydrae tot biosensor navorsing. Doctoral 2023-03-06T09:54:28Z 2023-05-18T07:08:33Z 2023-03-06T09:54:28Z 2023-05-18T07:08:33Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127182 en_ZA en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvi, 153 pages : illustrations. application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer Biosensors Pancreas – Cancer – Early detection Radioimmunoassay Impedance spectroscopye Ebrahim, Taskeen The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| title | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| title_full | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| title_fullStr | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| title_short | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| title_sort | development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer |
| topic | The development of a biosensor for the early detection of pancreatic cancer Biosensors Pancreas – Cancer – Early detection Radioimmunoassay Impedance spectroscopye |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127182 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ebrahimtaskeen thedevelopmentofabiosensorfortheearlydetectionofpancreaticcancer AT ebrahimtaskeen developmentofabiosensorfortheearlydetectionofpancreaticcancer |