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Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space.
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613757977395200 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Grobler, L. |
| author2 | Van der Merwe, J. |
| author_browse | Grobler, L. Van der Merwe, J. |
| author_facet | Van der Merwe, J. Grobler, L. |
| author_sort | Grobler, L. |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127283 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:12.661Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127283 Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. Grobler, L. Van der Merwe, J. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. Spinal cord -- Surgery Peridural anesthesia Injections, Anatomical Injections, Spinal Anesthesiology Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The complexity of performing an epidural procedure and locating the epidural space is well known as it requires physicians to rely on their knowledge of human anatomy and experience to succeed. This approach may be trustworthy, but it is subjective. As a result, two methods are developed and tested to assist in guiding a needle towards the epidural space. The design proposed in this document identifies and designs a system capable of identifying the epidural space and indicating when the needle-tip has made contact with the epidural space. The results from the theoretical investigative procedures and preliminary simulated study provides the foundation for yielding fully motivated decisions about the final experimental testing phase. Identifying the needle insertion site is the first step in guiding the needle to the epidural space. Near-infrared (NIR) light transmitted from a close distance through optical fibers can be used to locate the epidural space form outside the body. However, the simulated results show that this will not be possible as the detection range of the NIR sensor is less than the depth of the epidural space. To identify when the needle enters the epidural space, electrical impedance is measured through in-vitro experiments using gelatinous phantoms and porcine models. The outcomes of the experimental studies are similar to that obtained though the mathematical simulations. At 29.5 kHz, it is discovered through the biological tissue studies that the epidural space can be easily discriminated from subcutaneous fat, muscle and ligament. A statistically significant difference between the impedance of the epidural space and fat, muscle and ligament at 29.5 kHz is demonstrated by the data (p < 0.05). This is consistent with previous research that indicates the optimal frequency for identifying biological tissues using bioimpedance techniques is approximately 30 kHz. It is further found through animal cadaver studies that the complex impedance of the epidural space can not be discriminated from the adjacent tissues as with biological tissue studies. These findings are important and add to the body of knowledge on the subjects of needle guidance. The development of a tool that effectively directs a needle towards the epidural space has a crucial place in the medical industry. Despite the fact that the existing equipment can benefit from further investigation and modifications, these tools and the outcomes they produce have the potential to advance modern medicine. AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Die kompleksiteit van die uitvoering van ’n epidurale prosedure en die lokalisering van die epidurale spasie is welbekend aangesien dit vereis dat dokters staatmaak op hul kennis van menslike anatomie en ervaring om sukses te behaal. Hierdie benadering is dalk betroubaar, maar dit is subjektief. As gevolg hiervan word twee metodes ontwikkel en getoets om te help om ’n naald na die epidurale spasie te lei. Die ontwerp wat in hierdie dokument voorgestel word, identifiseer en ontwerp ’n stelsel wat in staat is om die epidurale spasie te identifiseer en aan te dui wanneer die naaldpunt kontak gemaak het met die epidurale spasie. Die resultate van die teoretiese ondersoekprosedures en voorlopige gesimuleerde studie verskaf die grondslag om volledig gemotiveerde besluite oor die finale eksperimentele toetsfase te lewer. Die identifisering van die naaldinvoegplek is die eerste stap om die naald na die epidurale spasie te lei. Naby-infrarooi (NIR) lig wat van ’n kort afstand deur optiese vesels oorgedra word, kan gebruik word om die epidurale spasie van buite die liggaam op te spoor. Die gesimuleerde resultate toon egter dat dit nie moontlik sal wees nie, aangesien die opsporingsreeks van die NIR-sensor minder is as die diepte van die epidurale spasie. Om te identifiseer wanneer die naald die epidurale ruimte binnegaan, word elektriese impedansie gemeet deur in-vitro-eksperimente met behulp van gelatienagtige fantome en varkmodelle. Die uitkomste van die eksperimentele studies is soortgelyk aan die wat deur die wiskundige simulasies verkry is. By 29,5 kHz word deur die biologiese weefselstudies ontdek dat die epidurale spasie maklik onderskei kan word van onderhuidse vet, spiere en ligamente. Beide die impedansiegrootte en die impedansiefasehoek toon dit. ’n Statisties beduidende verskil tussen die impedansie van die epidurale spasie en vet, spiere en ligament by 29.5 kHz word deur die data gedemonstreer (p < 0.05). Dit stem ooreen met vorige navorsing wat aandui dat die optimale frekwensie vir die identifisering van biologiese weefsels met behulp van bioimpedansietegnieke ongeveer 30 kHz is. Daar word verder gevind deur dierekadawerstudies dat die komplekse impedansie van die epidurale ruimte nie onderskei kan word van die aangrensende weefsels soos met biologiese weefselstudies nie. Hierdie bevindinge is belangrik en dra by tot die liggaam van kennis oor die onderwerpe van naaldleiding. Die ontwikkeling van ’n instrument wat ’n naald effektief na die epidurale spasie rig, het ’n deurslaggewende plek in die mediese industrie. Ten spyte van die feit dat die bestaande toerusting baat kan vind by verdere ondersoek en wysigings, het hierdie gereedskap en die uitkomste wat hulle lewer die potensiaal om moderne medisyne te bevorder. Masters 2023-03-02T08:40:10Z 2023-05-18T07:13:57Z 2023-03-02T08:40:10Z 2023-05-18T07:13:57Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127283 en_ZA en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvii, 114 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Spinal cord -- Surgery Peridural anesthesia Injections, Anatomical Injections, Spinal Anesthesiology Grobler, L. Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. |
| title | Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. |
| title_full | Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. |
| title_short | Investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space. |
| title_sort | investigating the use of bioimpedance to identify the epidural space |
| topic | Spinal cord -- Surgery Peridural anesthesia Injections, Anatomical Injections, Spinal Anesthesiology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127283 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT groblerl investigatingtheuseofbioimpedancetoidentifytheepiduralspace |