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Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613903398109184 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Nel, Cameron Luke |
| author2 | Owen, Michael
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| author_browse | Nel, Cameron Luke Owen, Michael |
| author_facet | Owen, Michael
Nel, Cameron Luke |
| author_sort | Nel, Cameron Luke |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127317 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:32.400Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127317 Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa Nel, Cameron Luke Owen, Michael Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. Buildings -- Thermal properties -- South Africa Buildings -- Energy conservation -- South Africa Low-income housing -- South Africa UCTD Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH SUMMARY: In 1994, South Africa implemented a development programme to rectify the shortage of housing in the country through building subsidised housing for the low-income bracket, also known as Low-Income Housing (LIH). The low cost nature of these buildings exposes them to potential poor thermal performance and occupants often resort to rudimentary ways of maintaining comfort, such as burning fuels to stay warm. This study presents a thermal analysis of a typical LIH building across the six climate zones of South Africa using DesignBuilder software with the EnergyPlus solution engine. The thermal performance and comfort of the typical LIH building was investigated by means of the extended PMV thermal comfort model and makes use of the seven-point thermal sensation scale as well as the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) index. For a representative climate zone, the building exhibited an annual mean PPD value of 30.4% with winter months exhibiting higher values (e.g. June exhibited a mean PPD value of 45.8%). These values exceed the ASHRAE specified upper limit of 20% PPD and indicate that the building is thermally uncomfortable for large periods of time. The study found insulation to be lacking and provides a candidate set of solutions through building element and thermal comfort analysis. The candidate set of solutions is able to achieve an improved annual mean PPD value of 16% when implemented in the LIH building, solely through simple, low-cost, passive measures. The impact of the candidate set of solutions on thermal comfort in the typical LIH building is equivalent to a heating and cooling energy offset of 7.4 MWh (with almost 96% of the total energy load due to heating) - or an annual cost of R15,884. This is a hypothetical value of around 37.8% of the occupants’ typical income and is significant in terms of financial, health and emissions value. The study highlights the need to reconsider the nature of LIH, with a specific focus on thermal performance, in order to fully realise the social upliftment aims of the housing programme. This work forms the basis on which improvements to the building design can be interrogated and recommendations made for improving the quality of subsidy housing in South Africa. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 1994 het Suid-Afrika ’n ontwikkelingsprogram geimplementeer om die tekort aan behuising in die land reg te stel deur gesubsidieerde behuising vir die laeinkomstegroep, ook bekend as Lae-Inkomste Behuising (LIB), te bou. Die laekoste-aard van hierdie geboue stel hulle bloot aan potensiele swak termiese verrigting en inwoners wend hulle dikwels tot eenvoudige maniere om gerief te onderhou, soos om brandstof te brand om warm te bly. Hierdie studie bied ’n termiese ontleding van ’n tipiese LIB-gebou oor die ses klimaatsones van Suid-Afrika deur gebruik te maak van DesignBuildersagteware met die EnergyPlus-oplossingsenjin. Die termiese verrigting en gerief van die tipiese LIB-gebou is deur middel van die uitgebreide PMV termiese geriefsmodel ondersoek en maak gebruik van die sewepunt termiese sensasieskaal sowel as die voorspelde persentasie van ontevrede (PVO) indeks. Vir ’n verteenwoordige klimaatsone het die gebou ’n jaarlikse gemiddelde PVOwaarde van 30.4% getoon met wintermaande wat hoer waardes vertoon het (bv. Junie het ’n gemiddelde PVO-waarde van 45.8%). Hierdie waardes oorskry die ASHRAE-gespesifiseerde boonste limiet van 20% PVO en dui aan dat die gebou vir lang tydperke termies ongemaklik is. oplossings deur bouelement- en termiese gemak-analise. Die kandidaatstel oplossings is in staat om ’n verbeterde jaarlikse gemiddelde PVO-waarde van 16% te bereik wanneer dit in die LIB gebou geimplementeer word, uitsluitlik deur eenvoudige, laekoste, passiewe maatreels. Die impak van die kandidaatstel oplossings op termiese gerief in die tipiese LIB-gebou is gelykstaande aan ’n energie-kompensasie van 7.4 MWh (met byna 96% van die totale energielading as gevolg van verhitting) - of ’n jaarlikse koste van R15,884. Die is ’n hipotetiese waarde van ongeveer 37.8% van die inwoners se tipiese inkomste en is beduidend in terme van finansiele, gesondheids, en emissie waardes. oplossings deur bouelement- en termiese gemak-analise. Die kandidaatstel oplossings is in staat om ’n verbeterde jaarlikse gemiddelde PVO-waarde van 16% te bereik wanneer dit in die LIB gebou geimplementeer word, uitsluitlik deur eenvoudige, laekoste, passiewe maatreels. Die impak van die kandidaatstel oplossings op termiese gerief in die tipiese LIB-gebou is gelykstaande aan ’n energie-kompensasie van 7.4 MWh (met byna 96% van die totale energielading as gevolg van verhitting) - of ’n jaarlikse koste van R15,884. Die is ’n hipotetiese waarde van ongeveer 37.8% van die inwoners se tipiese inkomste en is beduidend in terme van finansiele, gesondheids, en emissie waardes. Die studie beklemtoon die behoefte om die aard van LIB te heroorweeg, met ’n spesifieke fokus op termiese verrigting om die maatskaplike opheffingsdoelwitte van die behuisingsprogram te verwerklik. Hierdie navorsing vorm die basis waarop verbeterings aan die gebouontwerp so wel as aanbevelings oor die verbetering van die kwaliteit van subsidiebehuising in Suid-Afrika gemaak kan word. Masters 2023-03-02T09:50:58Z 2023-05-18T07:15:46Z 2023-03-02T09:50:58Z 2023-05-18T07:15:46Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127317 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvi, 113 pages : illustrations, maps, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Buildings -- Thermal properties -- South Africa Buildings -- Energy conservation -- South Africa Low-income housing -- South Africa UCTD Nel, Cameron Luke Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa |
| title | Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa |
| title_full | Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa |
| title_short | Thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in South Africa |
| title_sort | thermal performance and comfort in subsidy housing in south africa |
| topic | Buildings -- Thermal properties -- South Africa Buildings -- Energy conservation -- South Africa Low-income housing -- South Africa UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127317 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nelcameronluke thermalperformanceandcomfortinsubsidyhousinginsouthafrica |