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Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613798199721984 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Hestermann, Elke |
| author2 | Schreve, K. |
| author_browse | Hestermann, Elke Schreve, K. |
| author_facet | Schreve, K. Hestermann, Elke |
| author_sort | Hestermann, Elke |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127342 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:51.674Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127342 Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback Hestermann, Elke Schreve, K. Van den Heever, D. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. Electroencephalography Polysomnography Sleep -- Monitoring UCTD Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH SUMMARY: Sleep is a vital factor for a healthy life as it maintains a person's physical and mental well-being. However, sleep deficiency is a problem as people feel they are not getting adequate 8 hours of sleep per night regularly. Literature has shown that using a combined auditory stimulus of binaural beats and autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) effectively induces sleep. Polysomnography is the study and monitoring of a person's sleep stages and cycles. However, it is expensive and requires the patient to sleep with a multitude of wires and in an unfamiliar environment. Based on the polysomnography standard of measuring EEG, a method has been investigated to monitor sleep by using an in-ear EEG device, a less obtrusive and discreet method to measure EEG. This report describes the design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to be used at home. The in-ear EEG device recorded the EEG data from inside the ear. It used a trained machine-learning algorithm to identify the sleep stages to determine when to deliver the combined audio stimulus to the experimental participants. It plays a 60:30 dB ratio combined auditory stimulus of ASMR and a 3 Hz binaural beat to induce deep sleep (delta activity). The device was tested on participants sleeping with the in-ear EEG device for two consecutive nights; a baseline night and a night when the auditory stimulus was delivered. Fifteen participants participated in the study and were separated into the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received the combined auditory stimuli, and the control group received only the ASMR stimulus. The ASMR played throughout the entire night for both groups. Once the experimental group participants entered a certain sleep stage, the 3 Hz binaural beats started to play with the AMSR, which created the combined audio stimulus. The 3 Hz binaural stopped playing when the certain sleep stage was exited. The results show that the participants in the experimental group had an increase in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 3, a decrease in NREM stage 2 and a slight increase in their NREM 3 latency compared to the baseline night. Participants who received the combined audio stimulus of 3 Hz binaural beat and ASMR had a higher delta band power and lower theta band power than the control audio stimulus participants. Furthermore, it was found that the combined auditory stimulus of ASMR with the 3 Hz binaural beat indicated a more suitable stimulus to enhance NREM stage 3 and delta activity than exclusively using ASMR sounds. The results are encouraging, and with further testing with a larger sample size, the proposed in-ear EEG device could potentially be used as a device to improve sleep by inducing delta activity in the brain. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Genoegsame slaap is kern tot 'n mens se fisiese en verstandelike gesondheid. Slaap ontbeurings kan dus lei tot gesondheidsrisiko's en is 'n belangrike problem om aan te spreek. Studies toon dat die kombinasie van twee-orige klankslae en outonomiese sensoriese meridiaan respons (OSMR) klank stimuli effektiewe slaap kan bewerkstellig. Die studiemetode, polisomnografie, behels die monitering van slaap vlakke en slaap siklusse, maar is 'n onpraktiese en duur proses weens die versameling bedrading wat opgestel moet word in gekontroleerde omgewings, dikwels onbekend aan pasiente. Die standaard monitoring word deur elektroensefalografie (EEG) geloods; en 'n alternatiewe metingsmetode via 'n binne-oor EEG toestel kan ondersoek word om die proses te vergemaklik, siende so 'n oorstuk meer diskreet en minder opdringerig is. Hierdie verslag omskryf die ontwerp van 'n draadlose binne-oorse EEG toestel wat geskik is vir huishoudelike gebruik. Tydens die studie het die toestel EEG data binne die oor opgeneem. 'n Vooraf geleerde masjienleer algoritme is deur die toestel ingespan om die slaap vlakke te bepaal om sodoende op geskikte tye die gekombineerde klank stimulus aan deelnemers in die eksperimentele groep te verskaf. Die toestel speel 'n 60:30 dB verhouding van OSMR klank stimuli in kombinasie met twee-orige klankslae teen 3 Hz om diep-slaap (delta aktiwiteit) te bewerkstellig in 'n persoon. Die toestel is op deelnemers aan 'n studie getoets, wat opgedeel was in 'n kontrole groep; asook 'n eksperimentele groep. Die eksperimentele groep het die gekombineerde klank stimulus ontvang, terwyl die kontrole groep slegs OSMR stimuli ontvang het. OSMR stimuli het vir beide groepe deurtyds gespeel. Sodra lede van die eksperimentele groep 'n spesifieke slaap fase betree het, het die twee-orige 3 Hz klankslae ingetree om saam met die OSMR klank stimuli te speel. Die klankslae het gestop sodra deelnemers die spesifieke slaap fase verlaat het. Gevolgtrekkings uit die studie het getoon dat lede van die eksperimentele groep verhogings in nie-vinnige oogbeweging (NVOB) vlak 3 slaap ervaar het, 'n vermindering van NVOB vlak 2 slaap, met 'n geringe verhoging in NVOB vlak 3 reaskietyd wanneer die slaap siklusse vergelyk is met diegene se basislyn slaap siklus. Ook, die gekombineerde klank stimulus het gedui op verhoogde delta golf krag met minder teta golf krag as wat die kontrole groep ervaar het. Die resultaat dui ook op 'n meer belowende stimulus as wat verkry word deur uitsluitlik OSMR stimili te speel om NREM vlak 3 en delta aktiwiteit te bestig. Hierdie belowende resultate moedig verdere eksperimentering op 'n groter steekproef groep aan om vas te stel of so 'n binne-oor EEG toestel deur die bank slaap kan verbeter deur verhoogde delta aktiwiteit in die brein mee te bring tydens slaap. Masters 2023-03-02T09:32:10Z 2023-05-18T07:17:08Z 2023-03-02T09:32:10Z 2023-05-18T07:17:08Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127342 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvii, 115 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Electroencephalography Polysomnography Sleep -- Monitoring UCTD Hestermann, Elke Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback |
| title | Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback |
| title_full | Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback |
| title_fullStr | Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback |
| title_short | Design of a wireless in-ear EEG device to improve sleep via EEG neurofeedback |
| title_sort | design of a wireless in ear eeg device to improve sleep via eeg neurofeedback |
| topic | Electroencephalography Polysomnography Sleep -- Monitoring UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127342 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hestermannelke designofawirelessineareegdevicetoimprovesleepviaeegneurofeedback |