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Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613948819275776 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Loubser, Roan |
| author2 | Van den Heever, Dawie |
| author_browse | Loubser, Roan Van den Heever, Dawie |
| author_facet | Van den Heever, Dawie Loubser, Roan |
| author_sort | Loubser, Roan |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127349 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:15.221Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127349 Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter Loubser, Roan Van den Heever, Dawie Van der Merwe, Johan Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. Newborn infants -- Diseases Arterial catheterization Umbilical cord Catheterization UCTD Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH SUMMARY: The problem of Neonatal Survival has shown significant improvement over the last two decades. However, the number of neonatal deaths continue to run into the millions annually. By virtue of the fact that some vital parameters take an unreasonable time to become available, dealing with adverse events promptly is compromised. There is a need in neonatal critical care to produce cost effective instruments that provide a variety of critical parameters continuously and at an updated rate sufficient for the execution of critical action to provide a higher probability of neonatal survivability. By way of example, continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitors were designed and produced in the 1990’s, providing adequate operational results. However, due to the need to recoup development costs and a considerably high cost to produce, the product was removed from the market. Further, neonatal intensive care units (NICU) currently use umbilical arterial catheters to draw arterial blood for analysis by a blood gas analyser. This method takes time to produce results, is often intermittent, and is usually only requested after an adverse event has already occurred. In all these instances it does not present an optimal solution. As a starting point and through consultation with medical professionals, a relevant selection of desired effective physical parameters, with temporal and range requirements were selected and to be included in the continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitor (CIABGM). These were pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), oxygen saturation (SaO2), body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability. This was followed by a conceptual design that was performed focusing upon biocompatible sensors. Thereafter a concept demonstrator model was built for the chosen parameters. Each selected sensor for the concept demonstrator was then set up for testing, calibrated, dynamically tested, and validated to produce results for evaluation. Sufficient support within the literature allowed for the use of saline to avoid the complexity of testing with blood. Each set of sensor results were compared to the original design required sensor specification and was shown to be within the required physiological parameter performance limits, including absolute mean error, bias and precision. The pH and oxygen sensor measurements also exhibited enhanced performance in warm-up and response times. A holistic design of a CIABGM with the addition of a pressure sensor measuring temperature, blood gases, blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability is required to detect, prevent and or predict adverse events. The successful engineering of a miniaturisation of a CIABGM as presented in this conceptual design may provide a step forward in neonatal intensive care. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die probleem van neonatale oorlewing het aansienlik verbeter oor die afgelope twee dekades. Die aantal neonatale sterftes beloop egter steeds miljoene jaarliks. Op grond van die feit dat sommige kardinale parameters nie onmiddellik beskikbaar is nie, veroorsaak dit vertraging in die nood hantering van komplikasies. Daar is ‘n behoefte in neonatale kritiese sorg om koste effektiewe instrumente te ontwikkel wat ʼn verskeidenheid van kritiese parameters op ʼn deurlopende en aanhoudende basis voorsien teen ʼn tempo wat die uitvoer van nood behandeling onmiddellik moontlik maak om sodoende ʼn groter waarskynlikheid van neonatale oorlewing te bied. Daar is byvoorbeeld in die 1990’s deurlopende intra-arteriele bloedgas monitors ontwerp en vervaardig, wat voldoende operasionele resultate gelewer het. As gevolg van die behoefte om ontwikkelings- en hoe vervaardigingskostes te beperk is die produk van die mark onttrek. Neonatale intensiewe sorg eenhede (NISE) gebruik tans umbilikale arteriele kateters om arteriele bloed te trek vir ontleding deur n bloedgas analiseerder. Hierdie metode neem tyd om resultate te lewer, die resultate is nie aaneenlopend beskikbaar nie en word dikwels eers aangevra nadat n komplikasie reeds plaasgevind het. Op geen stadium bied dit ‘n optimale oplossing nie. As vertrekpunt deur konsultasie met mediese spesialiste op die gebied is ʼn toepaslike seleksie van relevante fisiese parameters gekies. Hierdie parameters moes voldoen aan opeenvolgende en reikwydte vereistes sodat dit in die deurlopende intra-arteriele bloedgas monitor (CIABGM) ingesluit kon word. Hierdie spesifieke parameters is pH, gedeeltelike suurstofdruk (PO2), suurstof versadiging (SaO2), liggaamstemperatuur, bloeddruk, harttempo en harttempo variasie. Daarna is ʼn konsep demonstreerder model gebou vir die parameters wat gekies is. Dit is opgevolg deur ‘n konseptuele ontwerp wat fokus op bioverenigbare sensors. Elke geselekteerde sensor vir die konsep demonstreerder is opgestel vir toetsing, gekalibreer en gevalideer om resultate vir evaluering te lewer. Daar is voldoende ondersteuning in die literatuur wat die gebruik van ‘n soutoplossing toelaat om die kompleksiteit van toetsing met bloed te vermy. Elke stel sensor resultate is vergelyk met die oorspronklike sensor spesifikasie vereistes van die ontwerp en dit is bewys om binne die vereiste fisiologiese parameter akkuraatheid vereistes te val. Hierby ingesluit is die absolute gemiddelde fout, sydigheid en presisie. Die metings van die pH en suurstofsensor het ook verbeterde prestasie in opwarmings- en reaksietye getoon. ‘n Holistiese ontwerp van ‘n CIABGM met die toevoeging van ‘n druksensor wat temperatuur, bloedgasse, bloeddruk, harttempo en harttempo variasie meet, is nodig om komplikasies op te spoor, te voorkom en/of te voorspel voor of tydens die komplikasie wat plaasvind. Die suksesvolle ingenieurs ontwerp van ʼn geminiaturiseerde CIABGM soos voorgestel in die konseptuele ontwerp kan ‘n stap vorentoe beteken in die mediese veld, en spesifiek in neonatale intensiewe sorg. Masters 2023-03-02T09:47:25Z 2023-05-18T07:17:30Z 2023-03-02T09:47:25Z 2023-05-18T07:17:30Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127349 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xii, 112 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Newborn infants -- Diseases Arterial catheterization Umbilical cord Catheterization UCTD Loubser, Roan Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| title | Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| title_full | Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| title_fullStr | Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| title_short | Real-time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| title_sort | real time measurement of physiological parameters of newborn infants with umbilical catheter |
| topic | Newborn infants -- Diseases Arterial catheterization Umbilical cord Catheterization UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127349 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT loubserroan realtimemeasurementofphysiologicalparametersofnewborninfantswithumbilicalcatheter |