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The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613929940713472 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Ondiko, Jackson |
| author2 | Hoffmann, Jaap |
| author_browse | Hoffmann, Jaap Ondiko, Jackson |
| author_facet | Hoffmann, Jaap Ondiko, Jackson |
| author_sort | Ondiko, Jackson |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127365 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:57.787Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/127365 The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa Ondiko, Jackson Hoffmann, Jaap Sebitosi, Ben Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. Solar concentrators Solar stills Water -- Purification -- Distillation process Drinking water – Purification UCTD Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH SUMMARY: In the past years, many researchers have shown that solar stills can play a good role in the purification of raw water in off-grid areas due to their easy fabrication and affordability. However, their performance is still limited due to the usage of direct sunlight. This study coupled the solar still with concentrated solar energy based on the limitation. The idea is to improve the solar still's performance by increasing the available sunlight's intensity on the small surface area of the membrane. As much as the stated technology looks appealing, the question remains of the effectiveness of the membrane under concentrated solar energy and its economic feasibility. In this study, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane in a solar still was adopted to respond to the question. The study conducted the performance of the PVA structure in a semi-closed still under concentrated sunlight provided by a modified beam-down reflector at the Department of Mechanical Engineering Department Stellenbosch University. The performance was investigated under different average solar intensities for three days. It further estimated the water production per day by the solar still. The analytical mass transfer model was developed and validated with the experimental evaporation rates. The PVA showed favourable evaporation rate of 2.3 kg/m2hr with an efficiency of 90 % under an approximate of 2 kW/m2. The estimated daily distillate was 16 liters/m2. The model showed a good trend with experimental results with an average percentage deviation of 17.8 %, 17.4 %, and 15.9 % for days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. We designed and conducted water production Levelized cost of a pond-type solar still that was estimated to produce 400 liters/day. The cost analysis was based on 30-year plant life and 8.16 % annual interest. The cost production estimated was R0.11/liter. It was comparable to the PV-RO plants with less than 1000 liters/day capacity. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die afgelope jare het baie navorsers getoon dat solar stills 'n goeie rol kan speel in die suiwering van rou water in afgelee gebiede weens hul eenvoudige vervaardiging en bekostigbaarheid. Hulle werking is egter steeds beperk as gevolg van die gebruik van direkte sonlig. Weens hierdie beperking, het hierdie studie die solar still met gekonsentreerde sonenergie gekoppel. Die idee is om die solar still se werkverrigting te verbeter deur die beskikbare sonlig se intensiteit op die klein oppervlakte van die membraan te verhoog. Al lyk die bogenoemde tegnologie belowend, bly die vraag nog steeds of membraan onder die gekonsentreerde sonenergie wel doeltreffend en ekonomies haalbaar is. Hierdie studie het dus ‘n poliviniel alkohol (PVA) membraan ondersoek. Die studie het die werkverrigting van die PVA-struktuur uitgevoer in 'n semigeslote still onder gekonsentreerde sonlig wat verskaf word deur 'n gewysigde beam-down reflektor by die meganiese ingenieurswese departement aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. Die werking van die solar still is vir drie dae met verskillende gemiddelde sonlig intensiteite ondersoek. Die water produksie per dag was ook beraam. Die analitiese massa-oordrag model is ontwikkel om die eksperimentele verdampingstempo's te bevestig. Die PVA het optimale verdampingstempo van 2.3 kg/m2hr getoon met 'n effektiwiteit van 90 % onder 'n gemiddeld van 2 kW/m2. Die geskatte daaglikse distillaat was 16 liter/dag. Die model het 'n goeie neiging getoon met eksperimentele resultate met 'n gemiddelde persentasie afwyking van 17.8 %, 17.4 % en 15.9 % vir dae 1, 2 en 3 onderskeidelik. Die Levelised cost van die geproduseerde water was bereken vir ‘n pond type solar still sisteem wat 400 liter/dag produseer. Die koste-ontleding is gebaseer op 30 jare se leeftyd en 8,16 % jaarlikse rente. Die produksiekoste wat beraam is, was R0,108/liter. Dit was vergelykbaar met die PV-RO aanlegte met minder as 1000 liter/dag kapasiteit. Masters 2023-03-02T10:05:16Z 2023-05-18T07:18:21Z 2023-03-02T10:05:16Z 2023-05-18T07:18:21Z 2023-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127365 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xvi, 90 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Solar concentrators Solar stills Water -- Purification -- Distillation process Drinking water – Purification UCTD Ondiko, Jackson The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa |
| title | The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa |
| title_full | The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa |
| title_short | The performance and economic viability of a porous PVA interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in South Africa |
| title_sort | performance and economic viability of a porous pva interfacial solar still under concentrated solar energy in south africa |
| topic | Solar concentrators Solar stills Water -- Purification -- Distillation process Drinking water – Purification UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127365 |
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