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Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867614074680901632 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Lee, Ha-Eun |
| author2 | Sitas, Nadia |
| author_browse | Lee, Ha-Eun Sitas, Nadia |
| author_facet | Sitas, Nadia Lee, Ha-Eun |
| author_sort | Lee, Ha-Eun |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128438 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:15.146Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128438 Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar Lee, Ha-Eun Sitas, Nadia Selomane, Odirilwe Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Centre for Sustainability Transition. Fish culture -- Environmental aspects Marine algae culture Human beings -- Effect of environment on UCTD Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH SUMMARY: The Zanzibar archipelago is a small island state and the semi-autonomous region of Tanzania located in the Indian Ocean. Zanzibar has unique, rich, and valuable coastal ecosystems that provide diverse ecosystem services, which are critical for local livelihoods and well-being. Seaweed aquaculture is one of Zanzibar's major industries and the second-largest cash crop supporting the national economy and thousands of poor and rural coastal residents. Seaweed aquaculture has also attracted attention as a sustainable livelihood activity due to its low environmental impact and numerous socio-economic benefits, especially for women who often do not have the means to earn an income in the small-scale fishing community. However, seaweed farming may not be the silver bullet for empowering women due to mounting sustainability and equity issues related to current seaweed value chain practices. This research used a case study approach to analyse sustainability and equity issues within the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar using a social-ecological systems (SES) approach. This research also explored the multi-dimensional and interrelated relationship among ecosystem services, human well-being, and access mechanisms to understand opportunities for building social-ecological resilience. This research used a hybrid research methodology that included qualitative research methods (e.g., SES mapping, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews) and quantitative research methods (e.g., focus group surveys). Data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis, value chain analysis, and thematic analysis. Several frameworks (e.g., Theory of human needs, intersectionality, and access mechanism) were also used to inform the data collection and analysis tools. The results of this study provide a more nuanced account that counters existing literature statements that seaweed farming has minor environmental impacts and provides socio-economic benefits through monetary value to women seaweed farmers as the main beneficiaries. Through SES mapping, two key trade-offs were identified: i) seagrass meadows serve as a good environment for seaweed farming but seaweed farming hinders seagrass meadow ecological health; and ii) seaweed farming provides socio-economic benefits to women but working conditions are dangerous for women’s health and safety. The relational value (i.e., relationship, respect, and participation) of seaweed farming was evaluated as more positive than the provisioning services (i.e., food, shelter, water, economic security). The distribution of monetary value was tilted towards the higher value chain activities that are male dominant, such as activities linked to export processes. Identity markers, such as geographic location, gender, age, and origin (place of birth), have a significant impact on different perceptions of the well-being contribution of seaweed farming. These identity markers also determine people's accessibility (i.e., to higher valued seaweed species, government supports, and employment), dependency on ecosystem services linked to seaweed farming, and vulnerability to environmental changes. Social norms and responsibilities, prejudices and perceptions, tradition and culture, education, institutions, and policy contexts played a significant role in shaping this identity-based accessibility, authority, and power dynamics over ecosystem services, further perpetuating social inequalities. These conclusions underscore the importance of more detailed qualitative research with disaggregated assessment tools, as well as mainstreaming equity considerations at all levels and sectors of governance to allow for an evaluation of multi-dimensional equity dynamics. Findings from this research could help to determine how and where to make interventions that are context-specific and address the needs of communities that rely on seaweed aquaculture from the bottom up. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Zanzibar-argipel is ’n klein eilandstaat en die semi-outonome streek van Tanzanie wat in die Indiese Oseaan gelee is. Zanzibar het unieke, ryk en waardevolle kus-ekosisteme wat diverse ekosisteemdienste verskaf wat vir plaaslike lewensbestaan en welstand van kritieke belang is. Seewier-akwakultuur is een van Zanzibar se groot nywerhede en die tweede grootste kontantgewas wat die nasionale ekonomie en duisende arm en landelike kusbewoners ondersteun. Seewier-akwakultuur geniet ook aandag as ’n volhoubare lewensbestaansaktiwiteit vanwee die lae omgewingsimpak en talle sosio-ekonomiese voordele wat dit bied, veral vir vroue wat dikwels nie oor die middele beskik om inkomste in die kleinskaalse vissersgemeenskap te verdien nie. Seewierboerdery is egter dalk nie die wondermiddel vir vrouebemagtiging nie weens toenemende kwessies rondom volhoubaarheid en ekwiteit wat met huidige seewierwaardekettingpraktyke verband hou. Hierdie navorsing het ’n gevallestudiebenadering gebruik om kwessies rondom volhoubaarheid en ekwiteit binne die seewierwaardeketting in Zanzibar te ontleed deur ’n sosiaal-ekologiese stelsel (SES) benadering te gebruik. Het hierdie navorsing die multi-dimensionele en onderling verwante verhouding tussen ekosisteemdienste, menslike welstand, en toegangsmeganismes ondersoek om die geleenthede om sosiaal-ekologiese veerkragtigheid te bou, te verstaan. Hierdie navorsing het ’n hibriede navorsingsmetodologie gebruik wat kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes (byvoorbeeld SES-kartering, deelnemerwaarneming en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude) en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes (byvoorbeeld opnames) ingesluit het. Data is ontleed deur gebruik te maak van inhoud-analise, beskrywende statistiese analise, waardekettinganalise en tematiese analise. Verskeie raamwerke is ook gebruik om die data-insameling- en analise-instrumente in te lig, insluitend interseksionaliteit en welstandsgebiede. Die resultate van hierdie studie verskaf ’n meer genuanseerde toeligting wat bestaande literatuurstellings dat seewierboerdery geringe omgewingsimpakte het en sosio-ekonomiese voordele deur geldelike waarde aan vroue as die hoofbegunstigdes bied, teewerk. Deur SES-kartering te gebruik, is bevind dat alhoewel die voordele van seewierboerdery na vroue vloei, daar ook negatiewe vloei na seegrasweilande is, met twee afwegings wat plaasvind. Die verhoudingswaarde (met ander woorde verhouding, respek en deelname) van seewierboerdery is as meer positief geevalueer as die voorsieningsdienste (dit wil se voedsel, skuiling, water, ekonomiese sekuriteit). Die verspreiding van geldelike waarde is gekantel na die hoerwaardekettingaktiwiteite, soos die uitvoerproses, wat manlik oorheersend is. Identiteitsmerkers, soos geografiese ligging, geslag, ouderdom en oorsprong (geboorteplek) het ’n beduidende impak op verskillende persepsies van seewierboerdery se bydrae tot welstand. Hierdie identiteitsmerkers bepaal ook mense se toeganklikheid (dit wil se tot seewierspesies met hoer waarde, regeringsondersteuning en indiensneming), afhanklikheid van die ekosisteemdienste wat aan seewierboerdery gekoppel is, en kwesbaarheid vir omgewingsveranderinge. Sosiale norme en verantwoordelikhede, vooroordele en persepsies, tradisie en kultuur, onderwys, instellings en beleidskontekste het ’n beduidende rol gespeel in die vorming van hierdie identiteitsgebaseerde toeganklikheid, gesag en magsdinamika oor ekosisteemdienste, wat sosiale ongelykhede verder laat voortbestaan. Hierdie gevolgtrekkings beklemtoon die belangrikheid van meer gedetailleerde kwalitatiewe navorsing met gedisaggregeerde assesseringsinstrumente, sowel dat die ekwiteit-diskoers in die hoofstroom van bestuur op alle vlakke en sektore geplaas word, om multi-dimensionele ekwiteit-dinamika te evalueer en te verstaan. Bevindinge van hierdie navorsing kan help om te bepaal hoe en waar konteksspesifieke ingrypings moet plaasvind en om die behoeftes van gemeenskappe wat op seewier-akwakultuur staatmaak vanaf voelsoolvlak aan te spreek. Masters 2023-03-01T05:42:38Z 2023-08-30T13:07:08Z 2023-03 2023-03-01T05:42:38Z 2023-08-31T09:18:43Z 2023-03-01T05:42:38Z 2023-08-31T09:18:43Z 2023-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128438 en_ZA Stellenbosch University application/pdf xvii, 172 pages : illustrations, maps, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Fish culture -- Environmental aspects Marine algae culture Human beings -- Effect of environment on UCTD Lee, Ha-Eun Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar |
| title | Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar |
| title_full | Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar |
| title_fullStr | Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar |
| title_short | Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar |
| title_sort | exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in zanzibar |
| topic | Fish culture -- Environmental aspects Marine algae culture Human beings -- Effect of environment on UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128438 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leehaeun exploringequitydynamicsalongtheseaweedvaluechaininzanzibar |