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Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613738328129536 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Botha, Marnelle |
| author2 | Welman, Karen E. |
| author_browse | Botha, Marnelle Welman, Karen E. |
| author_facet | Welman, Karen E. Botha, Marnelle |
| author_sort | Botha, Marnelle |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128446 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:40:54.953Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128446 Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series Botha, Marnelle Welman, Karen E. Jacobs, Shaundre D. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Sport Science. EEG MRCP sprinting athletics reaction time force production Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. Background: The sprint block start accounts for 5% of the 100 m running time. As such it is important to get the most out of the sprint start performance. To that end research have identified reaction time and force production as the most important factors for a successful sprint start. Additionally, a variety of cognitive processes are required to carry out the actions of the sprint start. Amongst these are executive functions, sensory integration and motor programming. Relating to cognitive processes, the neural efficiency hypothesis states that those with more experience require less cortical activation to execute a well-trained skill, when compared to someone with less experience. This hypothesis has been extended to athletes and also hints at the motor learning stages of Fitts and Posner, which poses that an experienced individual requires less conscious cognitive effort to execute an action, in other words the action execution becomes more automated. As opposed to a novice individual who utilises more cognitive resources to perform the action. Although these brain-body connections have been researched in self-paced sport skills, such as golf putting, they have not been investigated in sprinters, partly due to the difficulty of recording quality brain activity data during an explosive movement. Aims: This pilot study set out to describe MRCP (movement-related cortical potentials) of novice and expert sprinters before and during the sprint block start (across ‘on your marks’, ‘set’ and ‘go’ conditions) in order to understand movement-related brain activity changes during movement preparation stage of the sprint block start. Secondary aims were to describe the reaction time, relative force production, speed and acceleration of multiple novice and expert sprint cases during a sprint block start. Methods: A case series design was used and four cases (two novice and two expert sprinters) were recruited. Cases completed ten sprint block start trials on an indoor track, while MRCP were recorded via 64-channel EEG. Additionally, reaction time, relative force, speed and acceleration were measured by the FAST start blocks. Results and conclusions: The prefrontal cortex and the parietal lobe were identified as hubs of brain activity during the sprint block start, with statistically significant differences found across conditions in the parietal lobe, possibly indicating an increase in working memory and focused attention from the initial rest period until the response to the starting signal. Lower prefrontal theta, alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta power were observed for the expert sprinter case, potentially reflecting a decrease in the reliance on executive functions and supporting the neural efficiency hypothesis. Parietal theta, alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta power of all cases appear to be quite similar, but this is inconclusive. This may be because, regardless of skill level, all cases still had to anticipate the starting signal, integrate the sensory information and prepare the appropriate motor response. These observations show that MRCP recording during the sprint block start is possible, and contributes new information to the novel field of applied mobile-EEG in cue-based closed-skill sport performance. Masters 2023-02-06T13:52:24Z 2023-08-30T13:06:58Z 2023-03 2023-02-06T13:52:24Z 2023-08-31T09:18:44Z 2023-02-06T13:52:24Z 2023-08-31T09:18:44Z 2023-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128446 en Stellenbosch University application/pdf 103 pages : ill. application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | EEG MRCP sprinting athletics reaction time force production Botha, Marnelle Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series |
| title | Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series |
| title_full | Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series |
| title_fullStr | Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series |
| title_short | Exploring movement-related cortical potentials, reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters: A case series |
| title_sort | exploring movement related cortical potentials reaction time and force production during the sprint block start of expert and novice sprinters a case series |
| topic | EEG MRCP sprinting athletics reaction time force production |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128446 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bothamarnelle exploringmovementrelatedcorticalpotentialsreactiontimeandforceproductionduringthesprintblockstartofexpertandnovicesprintersacaseseries |