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Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613922565029888 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Basson, Michael Nicolaas Smuts |
| author2 | Addison, Pia |
| author_browse | Addison, Pia Basson, Michael Nicolaas Smuts |
| author_facet | Addison, Pia Basson, Michael Nicolaas Smuts |
| author_sort | Basson, Michael Nicolaas Smuts |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128469 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:50.825Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128469 Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) Basson, Michael Nicolaas Smuts Addison, Pia Terblanche, John Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Conservation Ecology and Entomology. Fruit-flies -- Development Fruit-flies -- Economic aspects Diptera -- Larvae -- Feeding and feeds Insects -- Nutrition Insect rearing Insects -- Effect of stress on Diptera -- Morphology UCTD Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: True fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) consist of numerous species which are of economic importance for the crops grown commercially in the fruit industry over large areas of the world. The split of Ceratitis rosa s.l. Karsh into two separate species namely C. rosa s.s and C. quilicii De Meyer et al. has been done quite recently. Since the new classification of C. quilicii in 2016, not much research has been done on the two species, including how the species respond when reared from artificial diets under laboratory conditions. During this study the effect of three different artificial diets based on carrot powder, and with varying protein content (4%, 8% and 12%) on i) developmental factors including pupal weight and eclosion success, ii) body condition (live weight, dry weight and body water content) and macronutrient composition (body protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content), iii) tolerance against stress related factors through desiccation and starvation assays, and iv) wing shape and size variation through geometric morphometrics was investigated. No significant differences was found in the pupal weight and eclosion success rate, among the three different treatments, but larvae reared on the 8% protein larval had better eclosion success than the other two treatments. Results indicated that the body condition was not significantly influenced by the larval diets alone, but adult diets had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the body water content. The macronutrient composition was significantly influenced by the larval diets, except the body carbohydrate content, which was not affected by any of the factors (larval diet, adult diet and sex). There were significant differences among the different larval diet treatments for both desiccation and starvation, with both males and females from the 8% protein larval diet surviving the best during desiccation, and both males and females from 8% protein larval diet surviving the best during the starvation assay. With geometric morphometrics it was found that there is a marked effect of sex and nutrition on the wing shape and size. Significant differences of the wing shape, not size, were found between male and female flies, with more variation occurring among the different treatments of the male flies and male wings being smaller than female wings. All over there was a significant difference (p<0.05) of wing shape and size due to nutrition. The results obtained during this study point to developmental variations in flies reared from differing larval nutritional protein content, where in this case the 8% protein larval diet treatment performed the best overall. Research in the future could possibly focus on a 6% protein diet as well as 10% protein diet to possibly obtain better results. Therefore, the findings of the current study can be used to gain a better understanding of the influence from larval nutrition on certain parameters of adult fruit flies and can help to improve the composition of larval diets to rear this species on a larger scale in laboratories for research purposes. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vrugte vlieë (Diptera: Tephritidae) beskik oor ‘n verskeidenheid spesies wat van ‘n ekonomiese belang is vir vrugte gewasse wat kommersieël oor die wêreld verbou word. Die verdeling van Ceratitis rosa s.l. Karsh, in twee aparte spesies naamlik C. rosa s.s en C. quilicii De Meyer et al. was eers redelik onlangs gedoen. Sedert die nuwe klassifikasie van C. quilicii in 2016, was daar nie juis navorsing gedoen op die nuwe spesie nie, spesifiek hoe hierdie spesie reageer wanneer dit vanaf verskillende kunsmatige diëte in die laboratorium geteel word. Gedurende hierdie studie was die effek van drie kunsmatige larvale diëte, met variërende proteÏen inoud (4%, 8% en 12%) getoets op verskillende morfologiese aspekte wat inluit i) ontwikkelings faktore soos papie gewig en uitbroei van papies, ii) liggaamlike toestand (lewendige gewig, droeë gewig en liggaams water inhoud) en makronutriënt samestelling (liggaams proteÏen , koolhidraat en vet inhoud), iii) toleransie en weerstand teen stres toestande en iv) vlerk grootte en vorm variasie. Geen beduidende verskil was gevind in die gewig van die papies tussen die verskillende behandelinge asook in die uitbroei sukses van die papies, alhoewel ‘n groter proporsie van die 8% papies uitgebroei het as die van die 4% en 12% behandelinge. Resultate het ook daarop gedui dat die liggaamlike toestand nie beduidend deur die larvale dieet beÏnvloed was nie, maar wel beduidend deur die volwasse dieet beÏnvloed was. ProteÏen en vet inhoud was beduidend beÏnvloed deur die larvale diet, maar die koolhidraat inhoud was nie beduidendend beÏnvloed deur enige van die hoof faktore (larvale dieet, volwasse dieet en geslag) nie. Daar was beduidende verskille tussen die verskillende behandelinge ten opsigte van die twee verskillende stres toestande. Oor die algemeen het die vlieë van die 8% behandeling beter weerstand getoon teenoor die stres toestande. By die vlerk grootte en vorm was daar ‘n definitiewe effek van geslag en voeding. Beduidende verskille in vorm was gevind tussen mannetjies en wyfies by al die behandelinge, en tussen sommige behandelinge was daar ‘n beduidende verskil in vlerk grootte. Die resultate van die huidige studie dui op variasie ten opsigte van ontwikkeling, wanneer daar ‘n verskil van proteÏen inhoud voorkom in die larvale diëte. Verdere navorsing kan moontlik fokus om diëte met proteÏen inhoude van 6% en 10% te proef en moontlik nog beter resultate te verkry. Daarom kan die resultate wat in die huidige studie verkry is help om die effek van verskillende larvale diëte op volwasse vlieë se optrede beter te verstaan. Dit kan sodoende ook help om hierdie spesie op ‘n groter skaal in die laboratorium aan te teel, om verdere navorsing moontlik te maak. Masters 2023-03-06T09:02:51Z 2023-08-30T13:13:17Z 2023-03 2023-03-06T09:02:51Z 2023-08-31T09:18:48Z 2023-03-06T09:02:51Z 2023-08-31T09:18:48Z 2023-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128469 en Stellenbosch University application/pdf 100 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Fruit-flies -- Development Fruit-flies -- Economic aspects Diptera -- Larvae -- Feeding and feeds Insects -- Nutrition Insect rearing Insects -- Effect of stress on Diptera -- Morphology UCTD Basson, Michael Nicolaas Smuts Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| title | Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| title_full | Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| title_fullStr | Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| title_short | Diet development and rearing of the Cape fly, Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| title_sort | diet development and rearing of the cape fly ceratitis quilicii diptera tephritidae |
| topic | Fruit-flies -- Development Fruit-flies -- Economic aspects Diptera -- Larvae -- Feeding and feeds Insects -- Nutrition Insect rearing Insects -- Effect of stress on Diptera -- Morphology UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128469 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bassonmichaelnicolaassmuts dietdevelopmentandrearingofthecapeflyceratitisquiliciidipteratephritidae |