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Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613749259534336 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Reed, Sidney Leigh |
| author2 | Jacobs, Karin |
| author_browse | Jacobs, Karin Reed, Sidney Leigh |
| author_facet | Jacobs, Karin Reed, Sidney Leigh |
| author_sort | Reed, Sidney Leigh |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128763 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:04.390Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128763 Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa Reed, Sidney Leigh Jacobs, Karin Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Microbiology. Mycorrhizal fungi -- South Africa Fungi -- Classification -- South Africa Fungi -- Identification -- South Africa Plant-fungus relationships -- South Africa UCTD Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. Reed, S. L. 2023. Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/0dab7a9a-dfb8-4df8-9b07-2b9206bd2707 Data sets are available on SUNScholarData at DOI: https://doi.org/10.25413/sun.24746463 ENGLISH SUMMARY: This study focused on the endophytic and endomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with ericaceous plants. The subdivision of endomycorrhizae (EM) particularly relevant in this study was the ericoid mycorrhizae (ErM). This study focussed on two species within the family, Ericaceae, Erica spp. and Vaccinium sp. within the Fynbos region, seeking to compare the fungi present within associations with these plants. Endophytic fungi and potential ErM fungi (ErMF) were isolated from the ericaceous plants growing within the Fynbos Biome, both from natural and agricultural environments (blueberry orchards). Following phylogenetic analysis, slight differences were observed in the fungi isolated from the roots of the plants. The most abundant class for the Erica isolates was the Leotiomycetes (41 out of 81) and the Sordariomycetes (28 out of 56) for the Vaccinium isolates. Two isolates were observed to be closely related to confirmed ErMF within the genus Hyaloscypha (KJW207 and 294). A putatively novel isolate was observed in this study (KJW78) which was thought to belong to the genus Sagenomella. Further morphological investigation is, however, needed to confirm this novelty. A potting trial was conducted to determine if the fungi isolated from the Erica spp. could be inoculated onto and associate with the roots of Vaccinium corymbosum L. (blueberry) plants. Fungal inoculums were prepared using the isolates seen to be most closely related to potential ErMF and endophytic fungi from the Erica roots. Micrographs showing evidence of internal root colonisation were taken and the estimated percentage colonisation (EPC) of the root samples were calculated before and after fungal inoculum addition. Statistical testing of this data was conducted. In all cases, the EPC before and after treatment significantly increased, with a few groups showing a significant increase in EPC after treatment when compared to the control group (inoculated with Penicillium bilaiae, Phialocephala bamuru, Talaromyces neorugulosus and Paecilomyces lilacinus). The putative successful association of these fungi suggested similar environmental conditions of these ericaceous plants, as the species could successfully grow within both environments. Additionally, the diversity of rhizosphere fungi in the blueberry orchards as well as in the natural Fynbos environment were compared using Next Generation (NG) targeted amplicon sequencing. Blueberry rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were compared to a similar sample taken from the natural Fynbos Biome and statistical analyses were done to determine any significant differences in fungal diversity or community structure of the different locations. Overall, it was concluded that there were no significant differences in the alpha and beta diversity measures of the samples, suggesting a shared ecological niche in the Fynbos and blueberry orchard environments. The sampling locations displayed relatively high fungal diversity, with no dominance of fungal species present. Eight genera associated with ErMF were also selected and screened for in the samples. Six genera were present in the samples, with Pezoloma (58.90%) and Oidiodendron (33.60%) being the most abundant overall. In conclusion, the study provides further information with regard to the fungal communities within the Fynbos biome and displays the potential niche similarities of plants in the family Ericaceae within this biome. The study also highlights the need for further research of this nature, particularly on the diverse and poorly understood ErMF. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie studie was op endofitiese en endomikorisale swamme (EMS) van plante in die familie Ericaceae, meer spesifiek, die erikoiedemikorise (ErM). Die fokus was op Erica spp. en Vaccinium sp. binne die Fynbos-bioom van Suid-Afrika, en het gepoog om die swamme te vergelyk wat in assosiasie met hierdie plante is. Endofitiese swamme en potensiele ErM swamme (ErMS) is geisoleer van die spesifieke plante wat binne die Fynbos-bioom groei, in beide natuurlike en kommersiele omgewings. Na filogenetiese analise is daar waargeneem dat daar verskille was in die swamme wat uit die wortels van die plante geisoleer is. Die mees verteenwoordigde klas vir die Erica isolate was die Leotiomycetes (41 uit 81), en die Sordariomycetes (28 uit 56) vir die Vaccinium isolate. Twee isolate wat naby verwant is aan bevestigde ErMS binne die genus Hyaloscypha (KJW207 en 294) is waargeneem. Daar was ook 'n onbekende isolaat in hierdie studie (KJW78) waargeneem wat moontlik aan die genus Sagenomella behoort. Verdere morfologiese ondersoeke is egter nodig om dit te bevestig. 'n Potproef is uitgevoer om te bepaal of die swamme wat uit die Erica spp. geisoleer is, op die wortels van Vaccinium corymbosum L. plante geinokuleer kon word en assosieer met die plant. Potensiele ErMS en endofitiese swamme wat van die Erica plante geisoleer is, was gebruik om swam-inokula voor te berei. Mikroskoopfotos wat bewyse van interne wortelkolonisasie toon, is geneem en die beraamde persentasie kolonisering (BPK) van elkeen van die wortelmonsters is voor en na die behandeling bereken. Statistiese toetsing van hierdie data is uitgevoer. In alle gevalle was die BPK voor en na die behandeling beduidend verskillend, met 'n paar groepe wat beduidende verskille getoon het na behandeling in vergelyking met die beheergroep (geinokuleer met: Penicillium bilaiae, Phialocephala bamuru, Talaromyces neorugulosus en Paecilomyces lilacinus). Die vermoedelike suksesvolle assosiasie van hierdie swamme het gedui op soortgelyke omgewingsomstandighede van hierdie plant genera. Die diversiteit van risosfeerswamme in die bloubessieboorde, sowel as in die natuurlike Fynbos-omgewing, is vergelyk deur gebruik te maak van volgende generasie (VG) geteikende amplikon-volgordebepaling. Bloubessie-risosfeer- en nie risosfeer monsters is vergelyk met die vanuit die natuurlike Fynbos-bioom, waarna statistiese ontledings gedoen is. Oor die algemeen was daar geen beduidende verskille in die alfa- en beta-diversiteitsindekse van die monsters nie, wat dui op 'n gedeelde ekologiese nis in die Fynbos- en bloubessieboord-omgewings. Die plekke van monsterneming het relatief hoe diversiteit getoon, sonder 'n oorheersing van enige besondere organismes. Tien genera wat met ErMS geassosieer word, is ook gekies en in die monsters gesoek. Daar is waargeneem dat ses genera teenwoordig was in die monsters, met Pezoloma (58.90%) en Oidiodendron (33.60%) die mees algemeenste genera. Ten slotte, bied die studie verdere inligting oor die swamgemeenskappe binne die Fynbos-bioom, en toon die potensiaal vir die oorvleueling in die nis van plante in die familie Ericaceae binne hierdie bioom. Die studie beklemtoon ook die behoefte vir verdere navorsing van hierdie aard, veral oor die uiteenlopende en relatief onbekende ErMS. Masters 2023-12-07T13:40:14Z 2023-11-27T14:59:17Z 2023-12-07T13:40:14Z 2023-11-27T14:59:17Z 2023-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128763 Stellenbosch University xviii, 180 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Mycorrhizal fungi -- South Africa Fungi -- Classification -- South Africa Fungi -- Identification -- South Africa Plant-fungus relationships -- South Africa UCTD Reed, Sidney Leigh Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa |
| title | Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa |
| title_full | Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa |
| title_short | Isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within South Africa |
| title_sort | isolation and comparison of native ericoid mycorrhizal fungi present on ericaceous plants within south africa |
| topic | Mycorrhizal fungi -- South Africa Fungi -- Classification -- South Africa Fungi -- Identification -- South Africa Plant-fungus relationships -- South Africa UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128763 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reedsidneyleigh isolationandcomparisonofnativeericoidmycorrhizalfungipresentonericaceousplantswithinsouthafrica |