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Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus))
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613967281553408 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Gumbo, Rachiel |
| author2 | Miller, Michele Ann |
| author_browse | Gumbo, Rachiel Miller, Michele Ann |
| author_facet | Miller, Michele Ann Gumbo, Rachiel |
| author_sort | Gumbo, Rachiel |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128828 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:33.029Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/128828 Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) Gumbo, Rachiel Miller, Michele Ann Kerr, Tanya Jane Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Molecular Biology and Human Genetics. Mycobacterium bovis Pathogenic microorganisms -- Identification Biochemical markers -- Identification Cats -- Diseases -- Africa Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Animal tuberculosis (animal TB) is a chronic disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). In South Africa, animal TB affects many of the country’s most iconic wildlife species including leopards (Panthera pardus), African lions (Panthera leo), and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), and therefore poses a risk to both ecotourism and conservation. Although the overall impact on wildlife populations is unknown, this disease has resulted in historic and recent deaths of cheetahs, lions, and leopards in South Africa. The development of speciesspecific immunological tests for diagnosis of animal TB in wild felids has so far been relatively limited. Therefore, the development of accurate antemortem tests for TB screening and diagnosis of M. bovis infection in African big cat populations is urgently required. The overall goal of this study was to identify host and pathogen biomarkers that can be used to detect M. bovis infection in cheetahs, African lions, and leopards. This was achieved by 1) using conventional mycobacterial culture and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF Ultra (GXU) qPCR for confirmation of M. bovis infection, 2) identification of potential cytokines associated with cellmediated immune (CMI) activation and detection of M. bovis sensitization using cheetah, lion, and leopard stimulated whole blood, and 3) evaluation of serological assays for M. bovis detection. Mycobacterium bovis-infected cheetahs, lions, and leopards were identified using conventional mycobacterial culture and compared with rapid results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) diagnosis that were obtained using GXU® qPCR assay. A cytokine release assay (CRA) that can distinguish between M. bovis-infected and uninfected cheetahs, leopards, and lions, using commercially available feline cytokine ELISAs with QuantiFERON® -TB Gold Plus (QFT) stimulated plasma, was developed, and partially validated in African lions. Provisional specific interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) cut-off values, for M. bovis detection in lions and cheetahs, were calculated. The findings in this study suggested that a chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 9 (CXCL9) gene expression assay (GEA), previously designed for use in African lions, showed promise as a tool for detection of both general immune activation and M. bovis immune sensitization in leopards. Although a serological test (DPP® ) used for measurement of humoral response in this study was not sensitive, CMI response-based tests, including the tuberculin skin test (TST), showed potential as antemortem screening tests for wild felids and should be further explored. The incorporation of diagnostic tools into surveillance and routine screening of wild felids for health assessment or as translocation candidates will improve TB detection and prompt management changes to prevent spread of infection and enhance disease control, especially in vulnerable populations. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dieretuberkulose (diere TB) is 'n chroniese siekte wat veroorsaak word deur infeksie met Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). In Suid-Afrika affekteer diere TB baie van die land se mees ikoniese wildspesies, insluitend luiperds (Panthera pardus), leeus (Panthera leo) en jagluiperds (Acinonyx jubatus), en hou dus 'n risiko vir beide ekotoerisme en bewaring. Alhoewel die algehele impak op wildsbevolkings onbekend is, het hierdie siekte gelei tot historiese en onlangse sterftes van jagluiperds, leeus en luiperds in Suid-Afrika. Die ontwikkeling van spesies-spesifieke immunologiese toetse vir die diagnose van diere TB by wilde katte was tot dusver relatief beperk. Daarom word die ontwikkeling van akkurate antemortem toetse vir TB sifting en diagnose van M. bovis-infeksie in Afrika grootkatbevolkings dringend vereis. Die oorhoofse doel van hierdie studie was om gasheer en patogeen biomerkers te identifiseer wat gebruik kan word om M. bovis-infeksie in jagluiperds, leeus en luiperds op te spoor. Dit was bereik deur 1) die gebruik van konvensionele mikobakteriese kultuur en GeneXpert® MTB/RIF Ultra (GXU) qPCR vir bevestiging van M. bovis-infeksie, 2) identifikasie van potensiële sitokiene wat verband hou met sel-gemedieerde immuunaktivering (CMI) en opsporing van M. bovis sensitisering deur gebruik te maak van jagluiperd, leeu en luiperd gestimuleer bloed, en 3) evaluering van serologiese toetse vir M. bovis opsporing. Mycobacterium bovis-geïnfekteerde jagluiperds, leeus en luiperds was geïdentifiseer deur gebruik te maak van konvensionele mikobakteriese kultuur en vergelyk met Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks (MTBC) diagnose wat met deur die vinnige GXU® qPCR toets verkry is. 'n Sitokienvrystellingstoets (CRA) wat kan onderskei tussen M. bovis-geïnfekteerde en onbesmette jagluiperds, luiperds en leeus deur gebruik te maak van kommersieel beskikbare kat-sitokienELISA's met QuantiFERON® -TB Gold Plus QFT) gestimuleerde plasma, is ontwikkel en gedeeltelik bekragtig in leeus. Voorlopige spesifieke interferon gamma vrystelling toets (IGRA) afsnywaardes vir M. bovis opsporing in leeus en jagluiperds, is bereken. Die bevindinge in hierdie studie het ondersteun die gebruik van 'n chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 9 (CXCL9) geenuitdrukking-toets (GEA) wat voorheen ontwerp was leeus. Dit het potensiaal, getoon as 'n tegniek vir die opsporing van beide algemene immuunaktivering en M. bovis-immuunsensitisering in luiperds. Alhoewel 'n serologiese toets (DPP® ) wat gebruik is vir die meting van humorale reaksie in hierdie studie nie sensitief was nie, het CMI reaksie gebaseerde toetse, insluitend die tuberkulien vel toets (TST), potensiaal getoon as antemortem siftingstoetse vir wilde diere en moet verder ondersoek word. Die inkorporering van diagnostiese instrumente by die toesig en roetine sifting van wilde diere vir gesondheidsbepaling of as translokasiekandidate sal TB opsporing verbeter en bestuursveranderinge vinnig om verspreiding van infeksie te voorkom, asook om siektebeheer te verbeter, veral in kwesbare bevolkings. Doctorate 2023-09-11T10:24:44Z 2024-01-08T12:36:47Z 2023-09-11T10:24:44Z 2024-01-08T12:36:47Z 2023-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128828 en_ZA en_ZA Stellenbosch University 197 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Mycobacterium bovis Pathogenic microorganisms -- Identification Biochemical markers -- Identification Cats -- Diseases -- Africa Gumbo, Rachiel Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) |
| title | Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) |
| title_full | Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) |
| title_fullStr | Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) |
| title_short | Detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for Mycobacterium bovis infection in African big cats (lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)) |
| title_sort | detection of host and pathogen biomarkers for mycobacterium bovis infection in african big cats lions panthera leo leopards panthera pardus cheetahs acinonyx jubatus |
| topic | Mycobacterium bovis Pathogenic microorganisms -- Identification Biochemical markers -- Identification Cats -- Diseases -- Africa |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128828 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gumborachiel detectionofhostandpathogenbiomarkersformycobacteriumbovisinfectioninafricanbigcatslionspantheraleoleopardspantheraparduscheetahsacinonyxjubatus |