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Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population
Lopes, Tatum. 2024. Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University [online]. Available at: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/1e3c5697-462c-4f5d-bec4-34d123ef54fd
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613778606030848 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Lopes, Tatum |
| author2 | Kengne, Andre P. |
| author_browse | Kengne, Andre P. Lopes, Tatum |
| author_facet | Kengne, Andre P. Lopes, Tatum |
| author_sort | Lopes, Tatum |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Lopes, Tatum. 2024. Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University [online]. Available at: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/1e3c5697-462c-4f5d-bec4-34d123ef54fd |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/129328 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:32.562Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/129328 Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population Lopes, Tatum Kengne, Andre P. Zemlin, Annalise E. Erasmus, Rajiv T. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Pathology: Chemical Pathology. Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Risk factors Nutritionally induced diseases Heart -- Diseases -- Nutritional aspects UCTD Lopes, Tatum. 2024. Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University [online]. Available at: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/1e3c5697-462c-4f5d-bec4-34d123ef54fd Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases, led by cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a cause for concern in high-income countries (HIC) and low-to-middle-income countries. Studies from HIC have highlighted the inverse associations between a healthy diet containing predominantly plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains) and limiting unhealthy foods (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages) with CVD risk. However, evidence on the inverse associations between a plant-based diet (PBD) and CVD risk profile is currently lacking for African populations. Therefore, the current study aims to address the growing CVD burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by assessing the potential benefits of PBDs for developing context-specific prevention and control strategies. Methods: We conducted two systematic reviews according to the PRISMA framework to assess published studies on the associations of PBDs, with CVD risk in SSA and globally. Furthermore, we conducted two cross-sectional studies in at-risk adult populations residing in Cape Town, South Africa. First, we obtained baseline data, which included a non-quantified 24-hour dietary recall, physical examination, and biochemical analyses from participants in the South African Diabetes Prevention Programme (SA-DPP). Second, we obtained primary data, including a quantified 24-hour dietary recall, physical examination, and biochemical parameters from a sample of commercial taxi drivers. We performed cross-sectional analyses with groups comparison to determine the distribution between plant-based dietary exposures and CVD risk. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed to investigate the associations between PBDs and CVD risk profile. The IBM SPSS® Statistics version 27 software was used, with the level of statistical significance set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Our first systematic review (n=15 studies) confirmed a need to define a PBD and assess its associations with CVD risk in African populations. Moreover, our second systematic review (n=126 studies) found that studies conducted in HIC have extensively utilised a-priori and a-posteriori dietary methods, which need modification to assess PBD adherence adequately within an African context. Our study addressed the latter issues by conducting two case studies in South Africa. In the sample of 693 SA-DPP participants, we observed that white roots and tubers, and cereals, respectively, were associated with a 36% lower and 72% greater likelihood of obesity. In male commercial taxi drivers (n=189), we observed that greater adherence to the healthy plant-based diet index, and the refined grains and meat pattern was associated with a 4% and 33% lower likelihood of raised triglyceride levels and dysglycaemia, respectively. However, the fish or seafood, potatoes, and vegetables pattern was associated with 43% greater likelihood of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a 44% greater likelihood of raised levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While the sugar-sweetened beverages and egg pattern were associated with a 37% and 53%, respectively, greater likelihood of hypertension and subclinical inflammation. Conclusion: We observed that some healthy plant foods and dietary patterns containing processed plant and animal foods had inverse and positive associations with CVD risk profile. Therefore, further research is needed to explore these inconclusive associations among African populations. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die las van nie-oordraagbare siektes, gelei deur kardiovaskulêre siekte (KVS), is ’n rede tot kommer in hoë-inkomstelande en lae-tot-middel-inkomste lande. Studies van hoëinkomstelande het die omgekeerde assosiasies uitgelig tussen ’n gesonde dieet wat hoofsaaklik plantvoedsel bevat (bv. vrugte, groente, volgraan) en beperkinge wat ongesonde kosse (bv. suikerversoete drankies) met KVS-risiko beperk. Bewyse oor die omgekeerde assosiasies tussen ’n plantgebaseerde dieet (PBD) en KVS-risikoprofiel ontbreek tans vir Afrika-bevolkings. Daarom is die huidige studie daarop gemik om die groeiende KVS-las in Afrika suid van die Sahara aan te spreek deur die potensiële voordele van PBD’s te evalueer vir die ontwikkeling van konteksspesifieke voorkoming- en beheerstrategieë. Metode: Ons het twee sistematiese oorsigte volgens die PRISMA-raamwerk gedoen om gepubliseerde studies oor die assosiasies tussen plantgebaseerde diëte met KVS-risiko in subSahara en wêreldwyd te assesseer. Verder het ons twee deursnee-studies uitgevoer in risikovolwasse bevolkings wat in Kaapstad, Suid-Afrika woonagtig is. Ons het eerstens basislyndata verkry wat ’n nie-gekwantifiseerde 24-uur dieetherroeping, fisiese ondersoek en biochemiese ontledings van deelnemers aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Diabetesvoorkomingsprogram ingesluit het. Tweedens het ons primêre data verkry, insluitend ’n gekwantifiseerde 24-uur dieetherroeping, fisiese ondersoek en biochemiese parameters van 'n steekproef van kommersiële taxibestuurders. Ons het deursnee-ontledings uitgevoer met groepvergelyking om die verdeling tussen plantgebaseerde dieetblootstellings en KVS-risiko te bepaal. Eenveranderlike en meerveranderlike lineêre en logistiese regressies is uitgevoer om die assosiasies tussen plantgebaseerde diëte en KVS-risikoprofiel te ondersoek. Die IBM SPSS® Statistics weergawe 27 sagteware is gebruik en die vlak van statistiese betekenisvolheid is op p-waarde ≤ 0.05 gestel. Resultate: Ons eerste sistematiese oorsig (n=15 studies), het bevestig dat daar ’n behoefte is om ’n PBD te definieer en die assosiasies daarvan met KVS-risiko in Afrika-bevolkings te analiseer. Verder, in ons tweede sistematiese oorsig (n=126 studies), het ons gevind dat studies wat in hoë-inkomstelande uitgevoer is, op groot skaal gebruik gemaak het van a-priori en aposteriori dieetmetodes wat aangepas moes word om PBD toepassing voldoende te bepaal binne ’n Afrika-konteks. Ons studie het laasgenoemde kwessies aangespreek deur twee gevallestudies in Suid-Afrika uit te voer. In die steekproef van 693 SA–DPP-deelnemers het ons waargeneem dat witwortels en knolle, en graan onderskeidelik geassosieer is met ’n 36% laer en 72% groter waarskynlikheid van vetsug. By manlike kommersiële taxibestuurders (n=189) het ons waargeneem dat groter toepassing van die gesonde plantgebaseerde dieetindeks en die verfynde graan- en vleispatroon geassosieer word met ’n 4% en 33% laer waarskynlikheid van verhoogde trigliseriedvlakke en disglisemie, onderskeidelik. Die vis- of seekos-, aartappel- en groentepatroon was egter geassosieer met 43% groter waarskynlikheid van lae vlakke van hoëdigtheidslipoproteïen cholesterol, en ’n 44% groter waarskynlikheid van verhoogde vlakke van laedigtheidslipoproteïen cholesterol. Terwyl die suikerversoete drankies en eierpatroon onderskeidelik geassosieer is met ’n 37% en 53% groter waarskynlikheid van hipertensie en subkliniese inflammasie. Gevolgtrekking: Ons het opgemerk dat sommige gesonde plantvoedsel en dieetpatrone wat verwerkte plant- en diervoedsel bevat, omgekeerde en positiewe assosiasies met ’n KVSrisikoprofiel gehad het. Daarom is verdere navorsing nodig om hierdie onoortuigende assosiasies onder Afrika-bevolkings te verken. Doctoral 2023-10-17T06:22:51Z 2024-02-20T07:42:05Z 2023-10-17T06:22:51Z 2024-02-20T07:42:05Z 2023-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/129328 en Stellenbosch University xv, 224 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Risk factors Nutritionally induced diseases Heart -- Diseases -- Nutritional aspects UCTD Lopes, Tatum Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population |
| title | Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population |
| title_full | Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population |
| title_fullStr | Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population |
| title_short | Plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in African population |
| title_sort | plant based diet and cardio metabolic risk profile in african population |
| topic | Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Risk factors Nutritionally induced diseases Heart -- Diseases -- Nutritional aspects UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/129328 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lopestatum plantbaseddietandcardiometabolicriskprofileinafricanpopulation |