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Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2023
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| _version_ | 1867613811375079424 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Smith, Jan Ryno |
| author2 | Bauer, Florian |
| author_browse | Bauer, Florian Smith, Jan Ryno |
| author_facet | Bauer, Florian Smith, Jan Ryno |
| author_sort | Smith, Jan Ryno |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/129355 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:42:04.592Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/129355 Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus Smith, Jan Ryno Bauer, Florian Naidoo, Rene Rossouw, Debra Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Viticulture & Oenology & Institute for Wine Biotechnology. Wine and wine making -- Chemistry Mycoparasitism Predacious fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Morphology Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Genetics Phenotypic plasticity Wine -- Flavor and odor UCTD Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2023. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ecological interactions between different yeast species have attracted significant research interest. Scientifically, very little is known about the molecular and genetic systems that regulate biotic interactions, while biotechnologically, significant interest has emerged in a better understanding and better control of multispecies industrial processes such as food fermentations. These interactions can be broadly grouped into three main categories: competition, symbiosis and predation. Research into interactions of yeasts has indicated that direct physical contact and adhesion between cells is an important element of biotic interactions. In this context, competition and mutualism have been the focus of most interaction studies, but new interest has focused on predator-prey interactions. Such interactions, while relatively uncommon, provide an excellent model for the study of molecular interaction mechanisms and may have potential for biotechnological applications. Predacious species of the Saccharomycopsis genus, classified as necrotrophic mycoparasites, invade and parasitise on other yeast through direct physical contact. It has been suggested that species in this genus predate on co-habiting yeast while scavenging for organic sulphur compounds because members of this genus cannot readily assimilate inorganic sulphur. However, with predator-prey interactions as a new focus area, the literature investigating Saccharomycopsis spp. and its underlying mycoparasitic mechanisms remains very limited due to the lack of tools and systems to investigate these interactions. This study aimed to expand our understanding of the predator-prey relationship between Saccharomycopsis spp. and prey and designed an experimental system allowing species-specific predation events to be monitored, quantified and to be experimentally analysed on a molecular level. A combination of microbiology, molecular biology and microscopy techniques were developed to enable the monitoring of predation by Saccharomycopsis fermentans and Saccharomycopsis schoenii on prey yeast. A commercial wine yeast strain was established as a model prey microorganism in our experimental system. FLO-overexpressing mutant strains of our model prey strain were used to modulate adhesion behaviour during predator-prey screens. Targeted gene expression analysis of some cell wall- and stress response-related genes provided a fundamental insight into the physiological state of prey yeast. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ekologiese interaksies tussen verskillende gisspesies het beduidende navorsingsbelangstelling gelok. Wetenskaplik is baie min bekend oor die molekulêre en genetiese sisteme wat biotiese interaksies reguleer, terwyl daar biotegnologies beduidende belangstelling na vore gekom het vir 'n beter begrip en beter beheer van multi-spesie industriële prosesse bv. voedselfermentasies. Hierdie interaksies kan breedweg in drie hoofkategorieë gegroepeer word, naamlik kompetisie, simbiose en predasie. Navorsing oor interaksies van giste het aangedui dat direkte fisiese kontak en adhesie tussen selle 'n belangrike element van biotiese interaksies is. In hierdie konteks was mededinging en mutualisme die fokus van die meeste interaksie studies, maar nuwe belangstelling het gefokus op roofgis-prooi interaksies. Sulke interaksies, hoewel relatief ongewoon, bied 'n uitstekende model vir die studie van molekulêre interaksiemeganismes en kan potensiaal vir biotegnologiese toepassings hê. Prediese spesies van die Saccharomycopsis genus, geklassifiseer as nekrotrofiese mikoparasiete, dring die gis binne en parasiteer op ander gis deur direkte fisiese kontak. Daar is voorgestel dat spesies in hierdie genus predateer op samewonende gis terwyl hulle vir organiese swawelverbindings soek omdat lede van hierdie genus nie anorganiese swawel kan assimileer nie. Met roofgis-prooi-interaksies as 'n nuwe fokusarea, bly die literatuur wat Saccharomycopsis spp. en die onderliggende mikoparasietiese meganismes beperk weens die gebrek aan gereedskap en stelsels om hierdie interaksies te ondersoek. Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om ons begrip van die roofgis-prooi-verwantskap tussen Saccharomycopsis spp. en prooi en 'n eksperimentele stelsel ontwerp wat toelaat dat spesiespesifieke predasiegebeure gemonitor, gekwantifiseer en eksperimenteel op 'n molekulêre vlak ontleed kan word. ’n Kombinasie van mikrobiologie, molekulêre biologie en mikroskopietegnieke is ontwikkel om die monitering van predasie deur Saccharomycopsis fermentans en Saccharomycopsis schoenii op prooigis moontlik te maak. 'n Kommersiële wyngisras is gevestig as 'n model prooi-mikro-organisme in ons eksperimentele stelsel. FLO-ooruitdrukking mutante stamme van ons model prooi stam is gebruik om adhesie gedrag te moduleer tydens roofgis-prooi skerms. Geteikende geenuitdrukking-analise van sommige selwand- en stresreaksie- verwante gene het 'n fundamentele insig in die fisiologiese toestand van prooigis verskaf. Masters 2023-10-19T09:49:43Z 2024-02-20T08:41:04Z 2023-10-19T09:49:43Z 2024-02-20T08:41:04Z 2023-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/129355 en Stellenbosch University 60 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Wine and wine making -- Chemistry Mycoparasitism Predacious fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Morphology Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Genetics Phenotypic plasticity Wine -- Flavor and odor UCTD Smith, Jan Ryno Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus |
| title | Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus |
| title_full | Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus |
| title_short | Phenotypic and genetic responses of wine-related yeast to the predacious Saccharomycopsis genus |
| title_sort | phenotypic and genetic responses of wine related yeast to the predacious saccharomycopsis genus |
| topic | Wine and wine making -- Chemistry Mycoparasitism Predacious fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Morphology Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Genetics Phenotypic plasticity Wine -- Flavor and odor UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/129355 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smithjanryno phenotypicandgeneticresponsesofwinerelatedyeasttothepredacioussaccharomycopsisgenus |