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The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2024
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| _version_ | 1867613900108726272 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Warwick, Calvin Durnford |
| author2 | Görgens, Johann Ferdinand |
| author_browse | Görgens, Johann Ferdinand Warwick, Calvin Durnford |
| author_facet | Görgens, Johann Ferdinand Warwick, Calvin Durnford |
| author_sort | Warwick, Calvin Durnford |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/130272 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:29.289Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/130272 The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse Warwick, Calvin Durnford Görgens, Johann Ferdinand Rorke, Daneal Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Process Engineering. Sugarcane products Lignocellulose Biomass chemicals Renewable natural resources Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) stands as a prolific and renewable biomaterial primarily found in the primary cell walls of the plant and is readily available as agricultural industrial waste. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a prominent agricultural byproduct rich in LCB, which possesses significant potential for biofuel and material production due to its composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose, a component of LCB, exhibits mechanical and physical properties beneficial to a wide array of material applications. To effectively harness the potential of SCB, appropriate processing methods are required to break down the recalcitrant of the intricate matrix of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and isolate products of interest. These methods include physical, chemical, and biological processing followed by mechanical disintegration to make cellulose nanofibres (CNF). This study undertakes a technical optimization and comparison of processing methods for industrial-scale production of cellulose nanofibres (CNF) from SCB. The evaluation of CNF-rich pulp produced from these processing methods was conducted through an extensive characterization process. Key parameters included CNF yield, fibril length, diameter, viscosity, composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content), thermal stability, and crystallinity. Techniques such as centrifugation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), compositional analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to characterize CNF. A statistical evaluation approach was used to design the experiments. The results from CNF production showed that mechanical treatment alone does not yield nano-sized particles in the range of 15 nm -30 nm (Sappi, 2023). However, the CNF obtained through steam explosion with subsequent mechanical refining exhibited lengths greater than 1 µm and diameters of 8 ± 3 nm with yields and crystallinity of 6.4% and 67%, respectively. Thermal stability analysis revealed a moisture content of 8.9%, temperature onset of 318℃, decomposition temperature of 384 ℃, and average char residue of 18.2%. Alkaline treatment with subsequent mechanical refining produced CNF with lengths greater than 1 µm and diameters of 19 ± 7 nm, while the nanocellulose yield and crystallinity index of 7.1% and 56.8% were obtained, respectively. Thermal stability of alkaline treated SCB showed moisture of 10.6%, temperature onset of 330 ℃, decomposition temperature of 380 ℃, and char residue of 17.8%. Lengths of CNF obtained after organosolv with subsequent mechanical refining were also greater than 1 µm, with wider diameters of 27 ± 15 nm. The average yield of nanocellulose was 1.3%, with a crystallinity index of 48.5%. Thermal stability of organosolv treatment SCB revealed a moisture content of 7.6%, an onset temperature of 355 ℃, a decomposition temperature of 420 ℃, and a char residue of 10%. When compared to the characteristics of commercial CNF, the product obtained after steam explosion and subsequent mechanical refining of SCB exhibited the closest resemblance. The desired parameters for steam explosion, obtained from the CCD results, area temperature range of 200 ℃ ± 5 ℃, NaOH concentrations of 18 % (w/w) ± 4 % (w/w), and shorter duration times of 6 min ± 2 min. The industrial application shows great potential as the steam explosion treatment with subsequent mechanical refining is quick, and has relatively high yields and product qualities. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar. Masters 2024-03-05T09:08:34Z 2024-04-26T11:34:19Z 2024-03-05T09:08:34Z 2024-04-26T11:34:19Z 2024-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130272 en_ZA en_ZA Stellenbosch University xiii, 112, i pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Sugarcane products Lignocellulose Biomass chemicals Renewable natural resources Warwick, Calvin Durnford The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| title | The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| title_full | The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| title_fullStr | The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| title_full_unstemmed | The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| title_short | The comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| title_sort | comparison of processing methods for cellulosic nanofibril production from sugarcane bagasse |
| topic | Sugarcane products Lignocellulose Biomass chemicals Renewable natural resources |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130272 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT warwickcalvindurnford thecomparisonofprocessingmethodsforcellulosicnanofibrilproductionfromsugarcanebagasse AT warwickcalvindurnford comparisonofprocessingmethodsforcellulosicnanofibrilproductionfromsugarcanebagasse |