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Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2024
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| _version_ | 1867613992728395776 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Masha, Marisana Andreck |
| author2 | Schwarz, Cara Elsbeth |
| author_browse | Masha, Marisana Andreck Schwarz, Cara Elsbeth |
| author_facet | Schwarz, Cara Elsbeth Masha, Marisana Andreck |
| author_sort | Masha, Marisana Andreck |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/130534 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:57.544Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/130534 Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis Masha, Marisana Andreck Schwarz, Cara Elsbeth Görgens, Johann Ferdinand Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Process Engineering. Waste tires as fuel Pyrolysis Fractional condensation Desulfuration Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global reserves of fossil fuels are dwindling, prompting a shift away from heavy reliance on them. Waste tires have become a somewhat abundant resource due to high demand and years of improper disposal. Tire-derived oil (TDO), a product of waste tire pyrolysis, consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons, sharing some similarities with petroleum-based fuels. A previous study explored fractional condensation to separate TDO into three fractions marine bunker oil (MBO), diesel, and naphtha (kerosene)—but fell short of meeting all quality standards, including density, viscosity, and sulphur content. This study aims to enhance fuel quality by aligning it more closely with petroleum standards. This was achieved by adjusting condenser temperatures to find the optimal configuration and further reducing sulphur content in all fractions. The condenser temperatures for collecting MBO and diesel fractions were varied, ranging from 170, 180, and 190 °C for MBO and 130, 140, and 150 °C for diesel. The other condenser remained at a constant temperature of 15 °C. It was determined that the current condensation setup couldn't produce fractions matching commercial fuel specifications. Lowering condenser temperatures caused heavier TDO components to condense in the MBO fraction, but this also led to condensation of lighter components, lowering fuel flash points. Within the tested range, the configuration with MBO condenser at 190 °C and diesel condenser at 130 °C was considered optimal, minimizing low-boiling components in MBO while reducing high boiling components in diesel and naphtha. Boiling point analysis revealed significant cross-contamination in the MBO fraction, with https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii 52.4 wt% belonging to diesel and naphtha fractions, while diesel and naphtha fractions contained 5.1 and 11.9 wt% of other fractions, respectively. Overall, fraction properties such as density and viscosity showed slight improvements compared to previous conditions. The new configuration reduced MBO, diesel, and naphtha densities to 961, 908, and 824 kg·m-3, respectively. Although there are no density requirements for MBO and naphtha, South African regulations classify diesel into CF1 and CF2, with CF2 having stricter quality standards and lower emissions. The diesel fraction met CF1 density requirements but not CF2. Viscosity decreased to 37.7, 2.87, and 0.7 mPa·s, with no viscosity requirements for MBO and naphtha. The diesel fraction met both CF1 and CF2 viscosity requirements. Further improvements in fuel properties may be achieved by redesigning condensers to enhance separation between heavy and light fractions during condensation. Oxidative desulphurisation combined with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) proved effective for sulphur removal in tire-derived liquid fuel fractions. The highest sulphur removal rates were 60%, 62%, and 49% for MBO, diesel, and naphtha fractions, respectively, at 60 °C and atmospheric pressure, comparable to reported desulphurisation efficiencies. Increasing oxidant amounts enhanced desulphurisation until excessive oxidation led to reduced efficiency due to side reactions. DMF yielded better desulphurisation than acetonitrile in LLE. Sulphur content in MBO fraction decreased to 0.40 wt%, below the global requirement of 0.50 wt%, and close to 0.10 wt% in special areas. Diesel and naphtha fractions still exceeded South African standards of 10 mg/kg, necessitating additional desulphurisation or refining. Multiple extraction cycles may further reduce sulphur content in diesel and naphtha fractions. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar. Masters 2024-03-05T09:35:45Z 2024-04-26T21:06:40Z 2024-03-05T09:35:45Z 2024-04-26T21:06:40Z 2024-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130534 en_ZA en_ZA Stellenbosch University xiii, 132 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Waste tires as fuel Pyrolysis Fractional condensation Desulfuration Masha, Marisana Andreck Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| title | Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| title_full | Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| title_fullStr | Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| title_short | Quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| title_sort | quality improvement of liquid fuels derived from waste tire pyrolysis |
| topic | Waste tires as fuel Pyrolysis Fractional condensation Desulfuration |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130534 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mashamarisanaandreck qualityimprovementofliquidfuelsderivedfromwastetirepyrolysis |