Full Text Available
Note: Clicking the button above will open the full text document at the original institutional repository in a new window.
Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
| Published: |
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Tags: |
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1867613972704788480 |
|---|---|
| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Ankama, Ankama Nadagho |
| author2 | Crookes, Douglas |
| author_browse | Ankama, Ankama Nadagho Crookes, Douglas |
| author_facet | Crookes, Douglas Ankama, Ankama Nadagho |
| author_sort | Ankama, Ankama Nadagho |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/131585 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:38.662Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/131585 Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia Ankama, Ankama Nadagho Crookes, Douglas Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. School of Public Leadership. Cost effectiveness -- Environmental aspects -- Kavango East (Namibia) Environmental impact analysis -- Kavango East (Namibia) Irrigation -- Environmental aspects -- Kavango East (Namibia) Green technology -- Kavango East (Namibia) Sustainable agriculture -- Technological innovations -- Kavango East (Namibia) Irrigation farming -- Kavango East (Namibia) UCTD Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. Ankama, A. N. 2024. Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis of the Use of Green Technologies in Irrigated Agriculture: A Case Study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/99d5a6a4-52e1-4504-9ffa-c88fd201b86b ENGLISH SUMMARY: Commercial irrigation farmers in Namibia face challenges caused by climate change, and their farming operations are causing serious environmental degradation and threatening the livelihoods of the local people in the areas in which they operate. To increase resilience and adapt to climate change as well as to conserve the environment, farmers need to adopt various green technologies (GTs). However, their decisions on the types of technology are often characterized by perceptions that the adoption of GTs in irrigation farming is not financially viable. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental and economic viability of adopting six GTs using Mashare Irrigation Farm (MIF) as a case study farm by carrying out an environmental cost-benefit analysis (ECBA) for the maize and wheat production under two scenarios, namely conventional and GTs production farming systems. The chosen GTs are bio-organic fertilizers, bio-organic inputs, biotech maize seeds, solar energy, minimal tillage and irrigation monitoring. Three financial indicators, namely the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio were used to assess the viability of the models. Four simulation models were developed to address the research questions and objectives. The results for the first simulation model representing conventional production without environmental impacts show that the model is financially viable by all three indicators. The second model representing conventional production with environmental impacts (external environmental cost) shows that the model is not financially viable by all three indicators. These two models demonstrated that conventional production at MIF is not environmentally and economically viable. The third simulation model, representing GTs production (Organic CA) without environmental impacts (external environmental benefits of GTs) shows that the model is financially viable by all three indicators. The fourth model, representing GT production with environmental impacts, shows that the model is the most financially viable by all three indicators of all the models. This model demonstrated that the use of the chosen GTs for maize and wheat production under an irrigation system, and the inclusion of the external environmental benefits (i.e. a premium market price for safe and environmentally friendly methods of growing maize and wheat grains) into the financial appraisal is more financially profitable and environmentally friendly than the conventional production methods. The results of the sensitivity analysis, moreover, have shown that the use of biotech maize seeds enhances economic benefits more than all the other GTs combined, because if the effect of biotech maize is excluded from the GTs production model, the model becomes financially unviable by all three indicators. The study conducted stakeholder interviews to complement the ECBA findings and establish the factors that hinder the adaptation of GTs in irrigated agriculture in Namibia. The stakeholder interviews revealed that four main factors hinder the adaptation of GTs, namely risk attitude towards GTs, farmers’ negative perceptions about GTs, lack of capital investments, and lack of institutional support. However, based on the overall objective of the study, the use of the chosen GTs can be both environmentally and economically viable. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommersiele besproeiingsboere in Namibie staar uitdagings in die gesig wat deur klimaatsverandering veroorsaak word, en hul boerderybedrywighede veroorsaak ernstige omgewingsagteruitgang en bedreig die lewensbestaan van die plaaslike mense waarin hulle bedrywig is. Om veerkragtigheid te verhoog en by klimaatsverandering aan te pas asook om die omgewing te bewaar, moet boere verskeie groen tegnologiee (GT's) aanneem. Hul besluite oor die tipe tegnologie word egter dikwels gekenmerk deur persepsies dat GT'e se aanpassings in besproeiingsboerdery nie finansieel lewensvatbaar is nie. Daarom was die oorhoofse doel van hierdie studie om die omgewings- en ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid te evalueer om ses GT's aan te neem deur Mashare Irrigation Farm (MIF) as 'n gevallestudieplaas te gebruik deur 'n omgewingskoste-voordeel-analise (ECBA) vir die mielie- en koringproduksie uit te voer. onder twee scenario's, naamlik konvensionele en GTs produksie boerdery stelsel. Die gekose GT's is bio-organiese kunsmis, bio-organiese insette, biotegnologie mieliesade, sonenergie, minimale bewerking en besproeiingsmonitering. Drie finansiele aanwysers, naamlik die netto huidige waarde (NHW), interne opbrengskoers (IRR) en voordeel-koste-verhouding is gebruik om die lewensvatbaarheid van die modelle te bepaal. Vier simulasiemodelle is ontwikkel om die navorsingsvrae en doelwitte te beantwoord. Die resultate vir die eerste simulasiemodel wat die konvensionele produksie sonder omgewingsimpakte verteenwoordig, toon dat die model finansieel lewensvatbaar is volgens al drie aanwysers. Die tweede model wat die konvensionele produksie met omgewingsimpakte (eksterne omgewingskoste) verteenwoordig, toon dat die model nie finansieel lewensvatbaar is deur al drie aanwysers nie. Hierdie twee modelle het getoon dat die konvensionele produksie by MIF nie omgewings- en ekonomies lewensvatbaar is nie. Die derde simulasiemodel, wat GTs-produksie (Organiese CA) sonder omgewingsimpakte (eksterne omgewingsvoordele van GTs) verteenwoordig, toon dat die model finansieel lewensvatbaar is volgens al drie aanwysers. Die vierde model, wat GT-produksie met omgewingsimpakte verteenwoordig, toon dat die model volgens al drie aanwysers, onder al die modelle, die finansieel lewensvatbaarste is. Hierdie model het getoon dat die gebruik van die gekose GT's vir mielie- en koringproduksie onder 'n besproeiingstelsel, en die insluiting van die eksterne omgewingsvoordele (d.w.s. 'n premium markprys vir veilige en omgewingsvriendelike verboude mielies en koringgrane) by die finansiele beoordeling is meer finansieel winsgewend en omgewingsvriendeliker as die konvensionele produksie. Die resultate van die sensitiwiteitsanalise het egter getoon dat die gebruik van biotegnologie mieliesade ekonomiese voordele meer verhoog as al die ander GT's saam, want as die effek van biotegnologie mielies uitgesluit word van die GTs produksiemodel, word die model finansieel onlewensvatbaar deur almal. drie aanwysers. Die studie het die onderhoude met belanghebbendes gevoer deur gebruik te maak van 'n steekproef wat van die belanghebbendes in besproeiingslandbou in Namibie getrek is, om die ECBA-bevindinge aan te vul en die faktore vas te stel wat GTs-aanpassings in besproeiingslandbou in Namibie belemmer. Die belanghebbende se onderhoud het aan die lig gebring dat vier hooffaktore GT-aanpassings belemmer, naamlik risiko-houding teenoor GT's, boere se negatiewe persepsie en gebrek aan wetenskaplike kennis oor GT's, gebrek aan kapitaalbeleggings en gebrek aan institusionele ondersteuning. Daarom, gebaseer op die oorhoofse doelwit van die studie, kan die gebruik van die gekose GT's beide omgewings- en ekonomies lewensvatbaar wees. Masters 2025-01-28T09:34:40Z 2025-01-28T09:34:40Z 2024-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/131585 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xiv, 173 pages : illustrations, maps, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Cost effectiveness -- Environmental aspects -- Kavango East (Namibia) Environmental impact analysis -- Kavango East (Namibia) Irrigation -- Environmental aspects -- Kavango East (Namibia) Green technology -- Kavango East (Namibia) Sustainable agriculture -- Technological innovations -- Kavango East (Namibia) Irrigation farming -- Kavango East (Namibia) UCTD Ankama, Ankama Nadagho Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia |
| title | Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia |
| title_full | Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia |
| title_fullStr | Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia |
| title_short | Environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture : a case study of Mashare Irrigation Farm in Kavango East Region, Namibia |
| title_sort | environmental cost benefit analysis of the use of green technologies in irrigated agriculture a case study of mashare irrigation farm in kavango east region namibia |
| topic | Cost effectiveness -- Environmental aspects -- Kavango East (Namibia) Environmental impact analysis -- Kavango East (Namibia) Irrigation -- Environmental aspects -- Kavango East (Namibia) Green technology -- Kavango East (Namibia) Sustainable agriculture -- Technological innovations -- Kavango East (Namibia) Irrigation farming -- Kavango East (Namibia) UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/131585 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ankamaankamanadagho environmentalcostbenefitanalysisoftheuseofgreentechnologiesinirrigatedagricultureacasestudyofmashareirrigationfarminkavangoeastregionnamibia |