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Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa.
Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867614003116638208 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Grobler, Ruan |
| author2 | Vlok, A. J. |
| author_browse | Grobler, Ruan Vlok, A. J. |
| author_facet | Vlok, A. J. Grobler, Ruan |
| author_sort | Grobler, Ruan |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description |
Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/131788 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:45:06.534Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/131788 Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. Grobler, Ruan Vlok, A. J. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Surgical Sciences. Skull -- Fractures -- South Africa Head -- Wounds and injuries -- South Africa Violent crimes -- South Africa Assault and battery -- South Africa UCTD Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Purpose: Golf club related traumatic brain injuries are an uncommon occurrence in adults, with the use of golf clubs as a weapon of interpersonal assault resulting in compound skull fractures being rare. This study presents a case series of golf club related compound skull fractures in adults secondary to assault, representing the largest study of this entity to date with analysis of the socio-economic circumstances and physics principles of the golf club related to this injury pattern. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of a prospectively maintained database for patients admitted to Tygerberg Academic Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, with golf club related compound skull fractures between 1st January 2018 to 31 December 2021. Data on demographic details, CTB findings, presenting Glasgow Coma Scale, surgical operative notes, septic complications, and outcomes at discharge were collected Results: A total of 21 patients were included, with the majority being male (95.2%) and the mean age being 32.6 years. Fractures were most commonly seen in the frontal bone (n=9), followed by parietal (n=8), temporal (n=3), and occipital (n=1) bones. Depressed skull fractures were the most common type of injury, and local pneumocephalus was present in the majority of patients. The mean presenting Glasgow Coma Scale was 14, and most patients had no focal neurological deficits. Surgical debridement was required in the majority of patients, with a high rate of septic complications (33.3%). However, most patients had good neurological outcomes at discharge, and the mean length of stay was 11.9 days. Conclusion: Golf club assault related compound skull fractures in adults are a rare phenomenon with few previous reports and its prevalence in South Africa is corelated to income inequality, assault rates and the popularity of golf. Golf club assault produces a unique injury pattern with a high rate of septic complications owing to the physics principles involved in golf club design and the high rate of dural injury and wound contamination. Awareness of this mode of injury is important to guide treatment and prevent complications. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar. Masters 2025-03-25T06:20:18Z 2025-03-25T06:20:18Z 2024-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/131788 Stellenbosch University 31 pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Skull -- Fractures -- South Africa Head -- Wounds and injuries -- South Africa Violent crimes -- South Africa Assault and battery -- South Africa UCTD Grobler, Ruan Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. |
| title | Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. |
| title_full | Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. |
| title_fullStr | Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. |
| title_short | Fairway to fractures: income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults - a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in South Africa. |
| title_sort | fairway to fractures income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club related assaults a case series of 21 compound skull fractures in south africa |
| topic | Skull -- Fractures -- South Africa Head -- Wounds and injuries -- South Africa Violent crimes -- South Africa Assault and battery -- South Africa UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/131788 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT groblerruan fairwaytofracturesincomeinequalityandviolentcrimeasthedrivingfactorsforgolfclubrelatedassaultsacaseseriesof21compoundskullfracturesinsouthafrica |