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Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire
Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2025.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613929307373568 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Botha, Willem Eduard |
| author2 | Visser, Michelle |
| author_browse | Botha, Willem Eduard Visser, Michelle |
| author_facet | Visser, Michelle Botha, Willem Eduard |
| author_sort | Botha, Willem Eduard |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description |
Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132082 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:57.159Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132082 Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire Botha, Willem Eduard Visser, Michelle Theron, Callie Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Performance -- Evaluation -- Medical personnel Medical Personnel -- Attitudes Physicians -- Psychological aspects Qualitative research -- Medicine Clinical competence -- Evaluation UCTD Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. Botha, W. E. 2025. Qualitative Evaluation of the Revised Medical Practitioner Compassion Competency Questionnaire. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/7b2c2129-affa-4b7d-afff-762704267107 ENGLISH SUMMARY: The 21st century has seen a rise in chronic and lifestyle-related diseases, including diabetes, obesity, substance abuse complications, hypertension, chronic pain, cancer, and complications from viral infections such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As a result, medical practitioners have increasingly shifted their focus from merely curing ailments towards preventing illness, promoting wellness, providing supportive care, and incorporating social and psychological dimensions into patient care (Lehman et al., 2017). This approach, known as the biopsychosocial model, emphasises person- and patient-centred care (Eklund et al., 2019). However, empathy, a key aspect of patient-centred care, has recently been scrutinised as an insufficient construct for evaluating medical practitioners’ soft skills. It has been proposed that the higher-order construct of compassion should be utilised instead (Bloom, 2017). Unfortunately, there are limited scales available to measure healthcare professionals' compassion competence, and many do not differentiate effectively between compassion and empathy (Sinclair et al., 2016). To address this gap, Visser (2020) developed the Medical Practitioner Compassion Competency Questionnaire (MPCCQ). However, three subscales within the MPCCQ showed factor fission, namely,mindfulness, emotion recognition, and compassionate action orientation. The current study investigated the nature and extent of the factor fission within these subscales, and revised the questionnaire for redistribution and further research. The study constitutes the initial phase of a broader research project aimed at distributing the revised MPCCQ to 700 medical practitioners in South Africa. The thesis details the questionnaire review process that consisted of four key steps: 1. A literature review to elucidate the factor fission observed in the factors of mindfulness, emotion recognition, and compassion action orientation. 2. A quantitative analysis using the Schmid-Leiman transformation to examine the extent to which a general factor accounts for the variance in item responses. 3. Writing of additional items for the questionnaire to reflect the multifaceted nature of mindfulness, emotion recognition, and compassion action orientation better. 4. A qualitative review with 14 subject matter experts to identify and address any issues related to the clarity and validity of the items in the factors mindfulness, emotion recognition, and compassion action orientation. The literature review clarified the structure of the factors. It was hypothesised that mindfulness comprises two components, namely 1) attention and awareness, and 2) observing. Similarly, emotion recognition was found to possibly involve 1) the unconscious process of emotion recognition, and 2) the conscious process of probing cues to evaluate the accuracy of observations. Finally, the compassion action orientation factor reflects the measurement of two helping subtypes, namely 1) helping, which addresses instrumental needs, and 2) comforting, which seeks to alleviate emotional distress and provide support. Following the literature review, the Schmid-Leiman transformation was applied to the original data collected by Visser (2020) to assess the multidimensionality of the mindfulness, emotion recognition, and compassion action orientation factors quantitatively. The analysis revealed that the general factor explained a significant portion of the variance in item responses for all three factors, indicating that the systematic variance unique to the extracted factors was essentially ignorable in the Visser (2020) study. To account for the unique themes represented by the narrow extracted first-order factors, additional items were developed for the MPCCQ to capture the theoretical multidimensionality of these factors better. To further mitigate the impact of shared systematic variance, the revised questionnaire was reviewed by 14 subject matter experts, leading to substantial modifications to some items. The resulting revised questionnaire is expected to measure the residualised first-order factors comprising the mindfulness, emotion recognition, and compassion action orientation constructs more effectively. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die 21ste eeu het 'n toename in chroniese en leefstylverwante siektes gesien, insluitend diabetes, vetsug, dwelmmisbruikkomplikasies, hipertensie, chroniese pyn, kanker en komplikasies van virale infeksies soos die menslike immuniteitsgebrekvirus (MIV) en ernstige akute respiratoriese sindroom koronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Gevolglik het mediese praktisyns hul fokus toenemend verskuif van bloot die genesing van kwale na die voorkoming van siektes, die bevordering van welstand, die verskaffing van ondersteunende sorg, en die inkorporering van sosiale en psigologiese dimensies in pasientsorg (Lehman et al., 2017). Hierdie benadering, is bekend as die biopsigososiale model van mediese sorg, en beklemtoon persoon- en pasiëntgesentreerde sorg (Eklund et al., 2019). Empatie, 'n sleutelaspek van pasientgesentreerde sorg, is egter onlangs as 'n onvoldoende konstruk vir die evaluering van mediese praktisyns se sagte vaardighede beskou. Daar is voorgestel dat die hoer-orde-konstruk van deernis eerder gebruik moet word (Bloom, 2017). Ongelukkig is daar beperkte skale beskikbaar om gesondheidsorgpersoneel se deernisbevoegdheid te meet, en baie onderskei nie effektief tussen deernis en empatie nie (Sinclair et al., 2016). Om hierdie leemte aan te spreek, het Visser (2020) die Mediese Praktisyns Medelydenis Bevoegdheidsvraelys (MPCCQ) ontwikkel. Drie subskale – bewustheid, emosieherkenning en deernisvolle aksie-orientasie – het egter bewyse van faktorspitsing getoon. Hierdie studie vorm die beginfase van 'n groter navorsingsprojek wat daarop gemik is om die hersiene MPCCQ aan 700 mediese praktisyns in Suid-Afrika te administreer. Voor die amptelike administrasie van die vraelys, het dit 'n omvattende hersieningsproses ondergaan, wat uit vier sleutelstappe bestaan: 1. 'n Literatuuroorsig om die faktorsplyting wat waargeneem word in die faktore van bewustheid, emosieherkenning en deernisaksie-orientasie te ondersoek. 2. 'n Kwantitatiewe analise met behulp van die Schmid-Leiman-transformasie om die mate waarin 'n algemene faktor verantwoordelik is vir die variansie in itemresponse te ondersoek. 3. Bykomende items vir die vraelys is geskryf om die veelvlakkige aard van bewustheid, emosieherkenning en deernisaksie-orientasie beter te weerspieel. 4. 'n Kwalitatiewe evaluering met 14 vakkundiges om enige kwessies wat verband hou met die duidelikheid en geldigheid van die items in die faktore bewustheid, emosieherkenning en deernisaksie-orientasie te identifiseer en aan te spreek. Die literatuuroorsig het die struktuur van die faktore uitgeklaar. Daar is veronderstel dat bewustheid uit twee komponente bestaan, naamlik 1) aandag en bewustheid, en 2) waarneming. Net so is gevind dat emosieherkenning moontlik 1) die onbewuste proses van emosieherkenning behels, en 2) die bewustelike proses om leidrade te ondersoek om die akkuraatheid van waarnemings te evalueer. Laastens weerspieel die deernisaksie-orientasiefaktor die meting van twee helpende subtipes, naamlik 1) hulp wat instrumentele behoeftes aanspreek, en 2) vertroosting wat poog om emosionele nood te verlig en ondersteuning te bied. Na die literatuuroorsig is die Schmid-Leiman-transformasie toegepas op die oorspronklike data wat deur Visser (2020) ingesamel is om die multidimensionaliteit van die bewustheid-, emosieherkenning en deernisaksie-orientasiefaktore kwantitatief te assesseer. Die analise het aan die lig gebring dat die algemene faktor 'n beduidende gedeelte van die variansie in itemresponse vir al drie faktore verklaar het, wat aandui dat die sistematiese variansie-unieke tot die onttrekte eerste-orde-faktore essensieel ignoreerbaar was in die Visser (2020)-studie. Om beter rekenskap te gee van die unieke temas wat deur die onttrekte eerste-orde-faktore verteenwoordig, is bykomende items vir die MPCCQ ontwikkel om die teoretiese multidimensionaliteit van hierdie faktore beter vas te le. Om die impak van gedeelde sistematiese verder te versag, is die hersiene vraelys deur 14 vakkundiges hersien, wat gelei het tot aansienlike wysigings aan sommige items. Daar word van die hersiene vraelys verwag om die geresidualiseerde eerste-orde-faktore wat die konstrukte bewustheid, emosieherkenning en deernisaksie-orientasie uitmaak beter te meet. Masters 2025-05-22T12:43:17Z 2025-05-22T12:43:17Z 2025-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132082 Stellenbosch University xi, 143 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Performance -- Evaluation -- Medical personnel Medical Personnel -- Attitudes Physicians -- Psychological aspects Qualitative research -- Medicine Clinical competence -- Evaluation UCTD Botha, Willem Eduard Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| title | Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| title_full | Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| title_fullStr | Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| title_short | Qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| title_sort | qualitative evaluation of the revised medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire |
| topic | Performance -- Evaluation -- Medical personnel Medical Personnel -- Attitudes Physicians -- Psychological aspects Qualitative research -- Medicine Clinical competence -- Evaluation UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132082 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bothawillemeduard qualitativeevaluationoftherevisedmedicalpractitionercompassioncompetencyquestionnaire |