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First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study
Dippenaar, N. J. 2025. First steps towards Vehicle-to-Infrastructure implementation in South Africa: A Stellenbosch Case Study. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/729720cc-62df-48e3-8e36-c5eba1069ebe
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613919058591744 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Dippenaar, Nicolaas Johannes |
| author2 | Andersen, Johann |
| author_browse | Andersen, Johann Dippenaar, Nicolaas Johannes |
| author_facet | Andersen, Johann Dippenaar, Nicolaas Johannes |
| author_sort | Dippenaar, Nicolaas Johannes |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Dippenaar, N. J. 2025. First steps towards Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
implementation in South Africa: A Stellenbosch Case Study. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/729720cc-62df-48e3-8e36-c5eba1069ebe |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132139 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:47.401Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132139 First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study Dippenaar, Nicolaas Johannes Andersen, Johann Visagie, Claudia B. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Intelligent transportation systems -- Data processing -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Telecommunication -- Traffic -- Mathematical models -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Traffic congestion -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Vehicle-infrastructure integration -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) UCTD Dippenaar, N. J. 2025. First steps towards Vehicle-to-Infrastructure implementation in South Africa: A Stellenbosch Case Study. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/729720cc-62df-48e3-8e36-c5eba1069ebe Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa (SA) is currently facing substantial traffic related issues that negatively impacts how people move around safely and sustainably. Traffic congestion is increasing at an alarming rate, with Cape Town and Johannesburg currently ranked among the world’s most congested cities. The congestion issues are further exacerbated by safety concerns, with high rates of hijacking and smash-and-grab incidents at intersections. Furthermore, the countries transport sector also substantially contributes to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). These problems highlight the urgent need for innovative solutions to improve traffic flow, reduce emissions, and enhance safety. This case study focused on the implementation and evaluation of SA’s first Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication system to potentially address these transport related issues. V2I communication allows vehicles to communicate traffic related information with nearby infrastructure components such as traffic signals. The implemented V2I system encompassed two V2I functionalities. These included the Red-Light Countdown and GLOSA functionalities. This case study aimed to determine the feasibility and benefits of adapting a well-established V2I system to local left-hand traffic (LHT) conditions. The V2I system’s implementation involved developing virtual controllers and Intersection Topologies to facilitate communication. The virtual controllers were used to replicate the in-field traffic signal behaviour in a digital environment. Alongside these, detailed Intersection Topologies were developed to represent lane configurations, signal phases, and allowed manoeuvres for each intersection. These components generated standardised MAP and SPaT messages that enabled communication of real-time information on intersection geometries and the associated signal phasing conditions. The summative evaluation assessed the implemented V2I system's accuracy and reliability through test drives. Phase one evaluated the Red-Light Countdown, achieving 97.8% accuracy in vehicle detection and 100% accuracy in displaying correct signal phases. The average network wide time discrepancy between the system and in-field controllers was 0.75 seconds. The findings showed that 80.3% of all time discrepancies were less than one second. Phase two focused on GLOSA, which achieved 95% accuracy in delivering speed recommendations, with 95% of events perceived as safe and 66% as comfortable by users. The evaluation showed high latency in SA, averaging 582 milliseconds due to network factors. Overall, findings support the V2I system’s feasibility for local conditions while identifying areas for refinement to enhance performance and user satisfaction. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika (SA) staan tans voor aansienlike verkeersverwante uitdagings wat die veilige en volhoubare mobiliteit van mense negatief beïnvloed. Verkeersopeenhoping neem teen 'n ontstellende tempo toe, met Kaapstad en Johannesburg wat tans onder die wêreld se mees oorlaaide stede gereken word. Hierdie opeenhoping word verder vererger deur veiligheidskwessies, met hoë syfers van kapings en “smash-and-grab”-voorvalle by verkeerskruisings. Verder dra die land se vervoersektor tot die afskei van kweekhuisgasse by. Hierdie probleme beklemtoon die dringende behoefte vir innoverende oplossings om verkeersvloei te verbeter, afskeiding te verminder en veiligheid te bevorder. Hierdie gevalle-studie fokus op die implementering en evaluering van SA se eerste “Vehicleto-Infrastructure” (V2I) kommunikasiestelsel. Die doel van hierdie gevalle-studie is dan om moontlik hierdie vooraf genoemde verkeersverwante kwessies aan te spreek. V2Ikommunikasie laat voertuie toe om verkeersverwante inligting met nabygeleë infrastruktuur komponente, soos verkeersligte, te deel. Die geïmplementeerde V2I-stelsel het twee V2Ifunksies ingesluit: die “Red Light Countdown” en die “GLOSA”-funksionaliteite. Hierdie gevallestudie het gepoog om die haalbaarheid en voordele van die aanpassing van 'n gevestigde V2I-stelsel aan plaaslike links-draai verkeersomstandighede te bepaal. Die implementering van die V2I-stelsel het die ontwikkeling van virtuele beheerders en Kruising-Topologieë vereis. Die virtuele beheerders is gebruik om die gedrag van die verkeersligte in die veld in 'n digitale omgewing na te boots. Benewens hierdie, is gedetailleerde Kruising-Topologieë om die baanopstellings, verkeerslig fasering en toegelate bewegings vir elke kruising weer te gee ontwikkel. Hierdie komponente het gestandaardiseerde MAP- en SPaT-boodskappe gegenereer. Hierdie boodskappe dra by tot die kommunikasie van intydse inligting oor kruisinggeometrieë en verwante verkeerslig fasering kondisies. Die evaluering het die geïmplementeerde V2I-stelsel se akkuraatheid en betroubaarheid deur toetsritte beoordeel. Fase een het die “Red Light Countdown” geëvalueer en 'n 97.8% akkuraatheid in voertuigopsporing en 100% akkuraatheid in die vertoning van korrekte verkeerslig fasering vasgestel. Die gemiddelde netwerk-wye tydsverskil tussen die stelsel en in-veld beheerders was 0.75 sekondes. Die bevindinge het gewys dat 80.3% van alle tydsverskille minder as een sekonde was. Fase twee het op GLOSA gefokus, wat 'n 95% akkuraatheid in die deurgee van spoedaanbevelings behaal het, met 95% van die geleenthede wat as veilig en 66% as gemaklik deur gebruikers ervaar is. Die evaluering het 'n hoë latensietyd in SA getoon, met ‘n gemiddeld 582 millisekondes as gevolg van netwerkfaktore. Algehele bevindinge ondersteun die haalbaarheid van die V2I-stelsel vir plaaslike toestande. Die uitkomsevaluering het van mikroskopiese verkeersimulasies met behulp van PTV Vissim sagteware gebruik gemaak om die impak van die V2I-stelsel op verkeersopeenhoping, brandstofverbruik en kweekhuisgas- afskeiding onder verskillende scenario's en penetrasiekoerse te analiseer. Twee verskillende scenario-stelle het die V2I-stelsel se voordele onder verskillende penetrasiekoerse en verkeersvolumes beoordeel. By 100% V2Ipenetrasie het resultate 'n 60% vermindering in stoppe, 'n 78.7% vermindering in tou lengtes en tot 'n 62.6% vermindering in voertuigvertraging getoon. Daarbenewens het reistye met 21% afgeneem, terwyl brandstofverbruik en afskeiding met 22.8% verminder het. Hierdie bevindinge bevestig dat V2I-tegnologie die potensiaal het om verkeersvloei drasties te verbeter, veral in vryvloei verkeers kondisies. Die bevindinge van hierdie gevallestudie demonstreer die potensiaal van V2I kommunikasie as 'n volhoubare oplossing vir SA se huidige verkeersverwante uitdagings. Die implementering het gewys dat 'n V2I-stelsel wel aangepas kan word vir linker hand verkeerstoestande in SA en bevestig die land se gereedheid om V2I-tegnologie aan te neem. Masters 2025-05-27T12:04:06Z 2025-05-27T12:04:06Z 2025-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132139 Stellenbosch University xvi, 169 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Intelligent transportation systems -- Data processing -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Telecommunication -- Traffic -- Mathematical models -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Traffic congestion -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Vehicle-infrastructure integration -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) UCTD Dippenaar, Nicolaas Johannes First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study |
| title | First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study |
| title_full | First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study |
| title_fullStr | First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study |
| title_full_unstemmed | First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study |
| title_short | First steps towards vehicle-to-infrastructure implementation in South Africa: a Stellenbosch case study |
| title_sort | first steps towards vehicle to infrastructure implementation in south africa a stellenbosch case study |
| topic | Intelligent transportation systems -- Data processing -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Telecommunication -- Traffic -- Mathematical models -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Traffic congestion -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Vehicle-infrastructure integration -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132139 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dippenaarnicolaasjohannes firststepstowardsvehicletoinfrastructureimplementationinsouthafricaastellenboschcasestudy |