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Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch
Folscher, A. 2025. Performance Evaluation of Decentralised Spatio-Centric and Traditional MQTT Messaging Protocols in a SUMO Simulation for Taxi Operations in Stellenbosch. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/9b9da02c...
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| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613975240245248 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Folscher, Alida |
| author2 | Engelbrecht, H. A. |
| author_browse | Engelbrecht, H. A. Folscher, Alida |
| author_facet | Engelbrecht, H. A. Folscher, Alida |
| author_sort | Folscher, Alida |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Folscher, A. 2025. Performance Evaluation of Decentralised Spatio-Centric and Traditional MQTT Messaging Protocols in a SUMO Simulation for Taxi Operations in Stellenbosch. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/9b9da02c-be27-4ebc-866c-c10a031b4dfd |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132176 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:41.084Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132176 Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch Folscher, Alida Engelbrecht, H. A. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Transportation -- Simulation methods -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Intelligent transportation systems -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Traffic flow -- Mathematical models -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) UCTD Folscher, A. 2025. Performance Evaluation of Decentralised Spatio-Centric and Traditional MQTT Messaging Protocols in a SUMO Simulation for Taxi Operations in Stellenbosch. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/9b9da02c-be27-4ebc-866c-c10a031b4dfd Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch Univesity, 2025. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and technologies has significantly impacted multiple sectors globally, such as transportation. These services depend on reliable and scalable messaging protocols to ensure seamless communication between vehicles and passengers. Developing countries often lag behind in IoT improvements due to the limited number of research implementations conducted in these environments. With such a wide variety of implementations, different IoT protocols can be used in multiple scenarios. One such protocol is the established and widely adopted MQTT. However, for spatial-based IoT implementations, this protocol faces significant challenges in scalability and centralization. The emergence of the VAST message protocol, originally developed for modern massively multi-user virtual environments (MMVEs), shows a promising alternative to decentralised spatial-based message applications. This thesis aims to compare and evaluate the VAST IoT messaging protocol against the popular MQTT protocol within the context of a paratransit ride-hailing application in a developing country. Stellenbosch is used due to its combination of urban and rural roads within a small area. By utilising traffic simulation tools such as SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and TraCI (Traffic Control Interface) to design realistic traffic scenarios, this study will compare MQTT and VAST using key performance metrics such as message latency, reliability, scalability, resource utilisation, and passenger satisfaction. The test scenarios will analyse different demand ratios and passenger densities to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each communication protocol on the demands of a paratransit taxi scenario. Additionally, a new Python implementation of the VAST client was developed to enable the creation of the taxi scenarios. The main network used for the test setup is a cleaned and validated map of central Stellenbosch. The results show VAST performs well compared to the MQTT implementation. Even with higher latency, the protocol is able to closely match MQTT’s results. The protocol also demonstrates a significant improvement when applied to networks that require more spatial filtering. VAST is shown capable of performing as a ride-hailing message protocol. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toename in die Internet van Dinge (IoT) as gevolg van ’n meer gekonnekteerde wereld het ’n drastiese impak op verskeie sektore wêreldwyd, soos vervoer. Die implementering van die IoT op vervoer is afhanklik van betroubare en skaalbare boodskapprotokolle om naatlose kommunikasie tussen voertuie en passasiers te verseker. Ontwikkelende lande loop dikwels agter in IoT-verbeterings as gevolg van beperkte navorsing wat vir hierdie omgewings uitgevoer word. Met die wye verskeidenheid IoT implementerings het ’n verskeidenheid verskillende IoT-protokolle ontstaan. Een so ’n protokol is die gevestigde en algemeen gebruikte MQTT. Vir ruimtelike-gebaseerde IoT-implementerings staar hierdie protokol egter uitdagings in die gesig in terme van skaalbaarheid en sentralisasie. Die opkoms van die VAST-boodskapprotokol, oorspronklik ontwikkel vir modern massiewe multi-gebruiker virtuele omgewings (MMVE’s), toon ’n belowende alternatief vir gedesentraliseerde ruimtelike-gebaseerde boodskaptoepassings. Hierdie tesis het ten doel om die VAST ruimtelike publikasie/subskripsie stelsel te vergelyk en evalueer met die gewilde MQTT-protokol binne die konteks van ’n rit-aansoek toepassing in ’n ontwikkelende land. Stellenbosch word gebruik as gevolg van sy kombinasie van stedelike en landelike paaie binne ’n klein area. Deur verkeersimulasie-instrumente soos SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and TraCI (Traffic Control Interface) te gebruik om realistiese simulasie omgewings te ontwerp, sal hierdie studie die protokolle vergelyk deur verskeie maatstawwe soos betroubaarheid, skaalbaarheid, en passasierstevredenheid te toets. Die toetse sal verskillende vraagverhoudings en passasiersdigthede ontleed om die sterk- en swakpunte van elke protokol op die taxi simulasie-omgewing te identifiseer. Addisioneel is ’n nuwe Python-implementasie van die VAST protocol se kliënt ontwikkel om die integrasie van die taxi-simulasie moontlik te maak. Die hoof simulasie netwerk, wat vir die toetsopstelling gebruik word, is ’n gevalideerde kaart van sentraal Stellenbosch. Die resultate toon dat VAST goed presteer in vergelyking met die MQTTimplementering. Selfs met ’n hoër latensie, is die protokol in staat om by MQTT se resultate te pas. Die protokol toon ook ’n beduidende verbetering wanneer dit toegepas word op netwerke wat meer ruimtelike filtering benodig. Daar word gewys dat VAST in staat is om te presteer as ’n ritboodskapprotokol. Masters 2025-05-28T14:06:12Z 2025-05-28T14:06:12Z 2025-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132176 en Stellenbosch University xiii, 110 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Transportation -- Simulation methods -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Intelligent transportation systems -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Traffic flow -- Mathematical models -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) UCTD Folscher, Alida Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch |
| title | Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch |
| title_full | Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch |
| title_fullStr | Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch |
| title_short | Performance evaluation of decentralised spatio-centric and traditional MQTT messaging protocols in a SUMO simulation for taxi operations in Stellenbosch |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of decentralised spatio centric and traditional mqtt messaging protocols in a sumo simulation for taxi operations in stellenbosch |
| topic | Transportation -- Simulation methods -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Intelligent transportation systems -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) Traffic flow -- Mathematical models -- Stellenbosch (South Africa) UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132176 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT folscheralida performanceevaluationofdecentralisedspatiocentricandtraditionalmqttmessagingprotocolsinasumosimulationfortaxioperationsinstellenbosch |