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Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2025.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613736920940544 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Liebenberg, Irma |
| author2 | Froneman, Willemien |
| author_browse | Froneman, Willemien Liebenberg, Irma |
| author_facet | Froneman, Willemien Liebenberg, Irma |
| author_sort | Liebenberg, Irma |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132623 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:40:53.839Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132623 Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies Liebenberg, Irma Froneman, Willemien Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Music. Women composers -- South Africa -- Biography Songs, Afrikaans -- South Africa -- History and criticism Composers -- Social networks Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge -- History Children's songs, Afrikaans Women in music -- Political aspects -- South Africa Actor-network theory UCTD Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. Liebenberg, I. 2025. Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/040ab54b-8af3-4ed4-9474-b6516f01fd7d ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the role and undervaluation of Afrikaans female composers of children's songs in the FAK Songbook (1979), the first edition to include a fully-fledged children's section. The works of seven women are discussed: Maxie de Villiers, Annie Langelaar, Jeanette Pistorius, Saar Engela, Adéle Jooste, Rhoda Barry, and Rykie Pienaar. Although their songs were already known before 1979 through private publication, the composers themselves remained largely unknown. The FAK Songbooks have long been regarded as the official Afrikaner songbook, but the evolution of the children's section shows an initial dominance of translated European folk melodies processed by men. In the 1961 edition, for the first time, a few original children's songs by three women were included, and the 1979 edition added further works by three other women. Adéle Jooste's translations of European folk songs were included in both editions. However, this inclusion in the FAK Songbook did not lead to greater recognition for the composers themselves. The study employs Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to examine the power relations and processes of inclusion and exclusion within the FAK and the broader educational fraternity. ANT helps analyze the historical connections between composers, lyricists, national decision-makers, educational institutions, and the songs themselves. Through ANT, all participants—human and non-human—are considered equal, offering a more comprehensive perspective on power, exclusion, manipulation, and institutional influence. This approach reveals how female composers' relationships with male Afrikaner authority figures (or their lack thereof) influenced their inclusion or exclusion in the FAK. Furthermore, factors such as family trauma, political trends, and educational methodologies played a role in the marginalization of these women's works. The thesis distinguishes between an "inside network" of male authority figures who influenced official FAK decision-making and an "outside network" of women whose works were disseminated but without institutional recognition. A discussion of music educators such as Philip McLachlan, G.G. Cillié, Anton Hartman, and Willem Gehrels demonstrates how Afrikaner nationalist ideologies shaped the teaching of children's songs. An alternative network of music educators, including Georg Gruber, Ettiene Smit, and Rykie Pienaar, who did not fully align with the nationalist project, was largely marginalized. This delineation of networks helps expose the institutional forces that treated female composers' work as inferior. This research highlights the underestimated role of women in the development of Afrikaans music education and demonstrates that a reassessment of their contributions is essential for a more inclusive history. The FAK Songbooks are not neutral collections of folk music but rather products of specific ideological choices. By analyzing the structural mechanisms that marginalized women's works, this study makes an important contribution to the discourse on gender, music history, and institutional power. It argues that a critical reassessment of Afrikaans music history is necessary to correct historical exclusions and guide future research in music education and cultural studies. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die rol en onderwaardering van Afrikaanse vroue-komponiste van kinderliedjies in die FAK-Sangbundel (1979), die eerste uitgawe wat ‘n volwaardige kinderrubriek ingesluit het. Sewe vroue se werke word bespreek: Maxie de Villiers, Annie Langelaar, Jeanette Pistorius, Saar Engela, Adéle Jooste, Rhoda Barry en Rykie Pienaar. Hoewel hul liedjies reeds voor 1979 bekend was deur privaat publikasie, het die komponiste grootliks onbekend gebly. Die FAK-Sangbundels is lank beskou as die amptelike Afrikaner- liedboek, maar die evolusie van die kinderrubriek toon ‘n aanvanklike oorheersing van vertaalde Europese volkswysies wat deur mans verwerk is. In die 1961-uitgawe is vir die eerste keer enkele oorspronklike kinderliedjies van drie vroue ingesluit, en die 1979-uitgawe het verdere werke deur drie ander vroue bygevoeg. Adéle Jooste se vertalings van Europese volksliedjies is in beide bundels opgeneem. Hierdie opname in die FAK-bundel het egter nie tot groter erkenning vir die komponiste self gelei nie. Die studie maak gebruik van Akteur-Netwerk-Teorie (ANT) om die magsverhoudings en prosesse van in- en uitsluiting binne die FAK en wyer onderwyskringe te ondersoek. ANT help om die historiese verbintenisse tussen komponiste, liriekskrywers, nasionale besluitnemers, opvoedkundige instellings en die liedjies self te analiseer. Deur ANT word alle rolspelers – menslik en nie-menslik – as gelykwaardig beskou, wat ‘n meer omvattende blik op mag, uitsluiting, manipulasie en institusionele beïnvloeding bied. Hierdie benadering toon hoe vrouekomponiste se verbintenisse met manlike Afrikaner gesagsfigure (of die afwesigheid daarvan) hul insluiting of uitsluiting in die FAK beïnvloed het. Verder speel faktore soos familietrauma, politieke tendense en opvoedkundige metodologieë ‘n rol in die marginalisering van hierdie vroue se werke. Die tesis onderskei tussen ‘n “binnenetwerk” van manlike gesagshebbendes, wat die amptelike FAK-besluitneming beïnvloed het, en ‘n “buitenetwerk” van vroue wie se werke wel versprei is, maar sonder institusionele erkenning. ‘n Bespreking van musiekopvoedkundige figure soos Philip McLachlan, G.G. Cillié, Anton Hartman en Willem Gehrels toon hoe Afrikanernasionalistiese ideologieë die onderrig van kinderliedjies gerig het. ‘n Alternatiewe netwerk van musiekopvoeders soos Georg Gruber, Ettiene Smit en Rykie Pienaar, wat nie volkome met die nasionalistiese projek saamgestem het nie, is grootliks gemarginaliseer. Hierdie afbakening van netwerke help om die institusionele kragte bloot te lê wat vroue-komponiste se werk as minderwaardig behandel het. Hierdie navorsing belig die onderskatte rol van vroue in die ontwikkeling van Afrikaanse musiekonderrig en toon aan dat ‘n herwaardering van hul bydraes noodsaaklik is vir ‘n meer inklusiewe geskiedenis. Die FAK-bundels is nie neutrale versamelings van volksmusiek nie, maar ‘n produk van spesifieke ideologiese keuses. Deur die strukturele meganismes wat vroue se werke gemarginaliseer het, te ontleed, bied hierdie studie ‘n belangrike bydrae tot die diskoers oor gender, musiekgeskiedenis en institusionele mag. Dit argumenteer dat ‘n kritiese herbeskouing van Afrikaanse musiekgeskiedenis nodig is om historiese uitsluitings reg te stel en toekomstige navorsing in musiekopvoeding en kultuurstudies te rig. Doctoral 2025-06-12T06:23:36Z 2025-06-12T06:23:36Z 2025-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132623 Stellenbosch University 387 pages : illustrations, portraits, music application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Women composers -- South Africa -- Biography Songs, Afrikaans -- South Africa -- History and criticism Composers -- Social networks Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge -- History Children's songs, Afrikaans Women in music -- Political aspects -- South Africa Actor-network theory UCTD Liebenberg, Irma Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies |
| title | Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies |
| title_full | Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies |
| title_fullStr | Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies |
| title_short | Die buitenetwerk van Afrikaanse vroue-kinderliedjiekomponiste: ʼn biografie van konneksies |
| title_sort | die buitenetwerk van afrikaanse vroue kinderliedjiekomponiste n biografie van konneksies |
| topic | Women composers -- South Africa -- Biography Songs, Afrikaans -- South Africa -- History and criticism Composers -- Social networks Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge -- History Children's songs, Afrikaans Women in music -- Political aspects -- South Africa Actor-network theory UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132623 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liebenbergirma diebuitenetwerkvanafrikaansevrouekinderliedjiekomponisteʼnbiografievankonneksies |