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The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2025.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867614124964315136 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Du Toit, Fryhoff Albertyn |
| author2 | Van Eeden, Joubert |
| author_browse | Du Toit, Fryhoff Albertyn Van Eeden, Joubert |
| author_facet | Van Eeden, Joubert Du Toit, Fryhoff Albertyn |
| author_sort | Du Toit, Fryhoff Albertyn |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/134611 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:47:03.084Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/134611 The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa Du Toit, Fryhoff Albertyn Van Eeden, Joubert Goedhals-Gerber, Leila Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Industrial Engineering. Contracts, Maritime -- Africa, Southern Harbors -- Africa, Southern Shipping -- Rates -- Africa, Southern Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. Du Toit, F. A. 2025. The Influence of Marine Service Charges and Port Tariffs on Container Port Competitiveness to Shipping Lines in Southern Africa. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/f2e4ff3c-0a74-4d39-9c28-a66940bf8761 ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Containerised trade plays a crucial role in supporting economic growth and promoting integration within global supply chains. However, container ports in Southern Africa face significant challenges in attracting vessel calls due to their exclusion from high-volume East-West trade routes and historically lower rankings on global performance indices. Consequently, port competitiveness has become a critical concern, particularly in relation to shipping lines that select ports for inclusion in service loops, as such inclusion directly generates revenue for ports. This thesis investigates the influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on the competitiveness of container ports in Southern Africa from the perspective of shipping lines. A standardised port costing model was developed and used to estimate and compare vessel-related charges across eleven Southern African container ports using publicly available tariff data. The model simulates port call costs for a representative container vessel scenario and examines cost variability across different vessel sizes. The results highlight differences in total charges across the region. To contextualise the role of costs within broader port competitiveness, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant factors and methods of evaluating port competitiveness. Based on these findings, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to gather the perceptions of shipping lines on the relative importance of cost, port facilities, operational performance, maritime connectivity, and hinterland factors, and related sub-factors, on container port competitiveness in Southern Africa. Inputs from industry experts were collected based on the AHP method, with marginally inconsistent responses being improved through an algorithm identified from literature. The results reveal that port facilities and operational performance are regarded as the most influential main criteria, followed by cost. The most influential sub-criteria, out of 17, were the number of gantry cranes and container handling equipment; thereafter, crane productivity, followed by port charges. These findings are validated through interviews with subject matter experts, who affirmed the relevance of the criteria used in the AHP and the results. This thesis contributes a structured and data-informed approach to evaluating container port competitiveness in Southern Africa, and port charges raised at ports in the region from a shipping line perspective. It provides useful insights for port authorities, shipping lines and other stakeholders in decision-making regarding investments and policy discussions. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maritieme houerhandel speel ‘n belangrike rol in die ondersteuning van ekonomiese groei, en ondersteun integrasie binne globale voorsieningskettings. In Suider-Afrika ervaar houerhawens egter uitdagings om skepe aan te trek, weens hul uitsluiting vanaf die hoë-volume Oos-Wes-handelsroetes en historiese laer posisie op globale prestasie-indekse. As gevolg hiervan is hawe-mededingendheid ‘n belangrike faktor, veral teenoor skeepsrederye wat hawens kies vir insluiting in hul diensroetes, aangesien dit direkte inkomste vir die hawe genereer. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die invloed van kostes wat teenoor skepe gehef word op die mededingendheid van houerhawens in Suider Afrika vanuit die perspektief van skeepsrederye. ‘n Gestandardiseerde hawekoste-model is ontwikkel en word gebruik om skeepsverwante kostes oor elf Suider-Afrikaanse houerhawens te bereken en te vergelyk, gebaseer op publiek beskikbare tariefdata. Die model simuleer, hawekostes vir ‘n verteenwoordigende houerskip en ondersoek kostevariasie oor verskillende vaartuiggroottes. Die resultate beklemtoon verskille in totale kostes oor die hele streek. Om koste binne die breër konteks van hawe-mededingendheid te plaas, is ‘n gestruktureerde literatuurverslag uitgevoer om relevante faktore en evaluasiemetodes vir hawe-mededingendheid te identifiseer. Gebaseer op hierdie bevindinge is die Analitiese Hiërargieproses (AHP) toegepas om die persepsies van skeepsrederye oor die relatiewe belangrikheid van koste, hawefasiliteite, operasionele prestasie, maritieme konnektiwiteit, en binnelandse faktore, en verwante subfaktore, op hawemededingendheid in Suider Afrika vas te stel. Insette van ervare individue in die skeepsrederybedryf is versamel met ‘n aanlyn vraelys opgestel volgens die AHP metode, en marginale onkensekwente antwoorde is verbeter deur middel van ‘n algoritme geïdentifiseer vanuit akedemiese literatuur. Die resultate toon dat hawefasiliteite en operasionale prestasie as die mees invloedryke hoofkriteria beskou word, gevolg deur koste. Die mees invloedryke subkriteria, vanuit ‘n totaal van 17, was die hoeveelheid skeep-tot-kaaihyskrane en houerhanteringstoerusting, daarna die skeep-totkaaihyskraanprodutiwiteit, en derdens hawekostes. Hierdie bevindinge is gevalideer deur onderhoude met deskundiges wat die relevansie van die kriteria wat gebruik is asook die resultate bevestig het. Hierdie tesis dra by tot ‘n gestruktureerde en data-gedrewe benadering tot die evaluering van houerhawemededingendheid in Suider Afrika, en die hawekostes wat by die streek se hawens gehef word uit die oogpunt van skeepsrederye. Dit bied waardevolle insigte aan hawe-owerhede, skeepsrederye en ander belanghebbendes in besluitneming rakende beleggings en beleidsbesprekings. Masters 2025-12-18T12:09:01Z 2025-12-18T12:09:01Z 2025-12 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/134611 en Stellenbosch University xii, 159 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Contracts, Maritime -- Africa, Southern Harbors -- Africa, Southern Shipping -- Rates -- Africa, Southern Du Toit, Fryhoff Albertyn The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa |
| title | The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa |
| title_full | The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa |
| title_fullStr | The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa |
| title_short | The influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in Southern Africa |
| title_sort | influence of marine service charges and port tariffs on container port competitiveness to shipping lines in southern africa |
| topic | Contracts, Maritime -- Africa, Southern Harbors -- Africa, Southern Shipping -- Rates -- Africa, Southern |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/134611 |
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