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Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2011
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| _version_ | 1867614126453293056 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Van der Merwe, Elizabeth Frances |
| author2 | Bellstedt, D. U. |
| author_browse | Bellstedt, D. U. Van der Merwe, Elizabeth Frances |
| author_facet | Bellstedt, D. U. Van der Merwe, Elizabeth Frances |
| author_sort | Van der Merwe, Elizabeth Frances |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/17411 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:47:05.324Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateRange | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/17411 Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines Van der Merwe, Elizabeth Frances Bellstedt, D. U. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Biochemistry. Mycoplasma diseases in animals Ostriches -- Diseases Ostriches -- Immunology Theses -- Biochemistry Dissertations -- Biochemistry Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ostrich farming is of significant economical importance in South Africa. Three ostrich mycoplasmas, Ms01, Ms02 and Ms03 have been identified previously, and were provisionally named ‘Mycoplasma struthiolus’ (Ms) after their host Struthio camelus. Ostrich mycoplasmas are the major causative organisms of respiratory diseases, and they cause stock losses, reduced production and hatchability, and downgrading of carcasses and therefore lead to large economic losses to the industry. In order to be pathogenic to their host, they need to attach through an attachment organelle, the so-called tip structure. This structure has been identified in the poultry mycoplasma, M. gallisepticum, and is made up of the adhesin GapA and adhesin-related CrmA. Currently, no ostrich mycoplasma vaccine is commercially available and for this reason the need to develop one has arisen. Therefore the first part of this study was dedicated to the identification and isolation of vaccine candidate genes in the three ostrich mycoplasmas. Four primer approaches for polymerase chain reactions (PCR’s), cloning and sequencing, were used for the identification of adhesin or adhesin-related genes from Ms01, Ms02 and Ms03. The primer approaches revealed that the target genes could not be identified due to the high diversity of sequences that were generated. Therefore sequences were also compared with those of other mycoplasma species in BLAST searches. Results showed that the most significant hit was with the human pathogen M. hominis oppD, which is located in the same operon as the membrane protein P100 involved in adhesion. Other hits were with ABC transporters which may also play a role in cytadhesion. The second part of this study was aimed at testing whether two poultry mycoplasma vaccines, M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum, can be used in ostriches to elicit immune responses until an ostrich mycoplasma vaccine has been developed. Ostriches on three farms of different age groups in the Oudsthoorn district were therefore vaccinated with these vaccines in a vaccine trial. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the level of antibody response. Results showed that both vaccines elicited an immune response in all three age groups. A high percentage of the ostriches reacted positively, which indicates that both vaccines elicit antibody responses and may therefore give protection against ostrich mycoplasma infections. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volstruisboerdery is ‘n belangrike ekonomiese sektor in Suid-Afrika. Drie volstruismikoplasmas, Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03, is voorheen geïdentifiseer en voorlopig ‘Mycoplasma struthiolus’ (Ms) benaam na aanleiding van hul gasheer, Struthio camelus. Volstruismikoplasmas is die grootste oorsaaklike organismes van respiratoriese siektes, kudde verliese en die afgradering van karkasse wat lei tot groot ekonomiese verliese in die volstruisbedryf. Ten einde patogenies vir die gasheer te wees, moet mikoplasmas deur middel van ‘n aanhegtingsmeganisme vasheg – die sogenaamde puntvormige struktuur. Hierdie struktuur is in die pluimvee mikoplasma M. gallisepticum geïdentifiseer, en bestaan uit aanhegting proteïen GapA en die aanhegting verwante proteïen CrmA. Tans is geen volstruismikoplasma entstof kommersieel beskikbaar nie, en derhalwe het die behoefte ontstaan om so ‘n entstof te ontwikkel. Die eerste gedeelte van hierdie studie is dus gewy aan die identifisering en isolering van entstof kandidaat gene in al drie volstruismikoplasmas. Vier inleier benaderings vir polimerase ketting reaksies (PKR), klonering asook geenopeenvolging bepalings vir die identifisering van aanhegting of aanhegting verwante gene vanuit Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03 is gebruik. Die inleier benaderings het getoon dat die teikengene nie geïdentifiseer kon word nie as gevolg van hoë variasie in die gegenereerde geenopeenvolgings. Derhalwe is geenopeenvolgings met ander mikoplasma spesies deur middel van BLAST soektogte vergelyk. Resultate het getoon dat die betekenisvolste ooreenstemming dié met die menslike patogeen M. hominis oppD was, wat deel vorm van die membraan proteïen P100 operon wat betrokke is by aanhegting. Ander ooreenstemmings sluit ABC transporters in wat moontlik betrokke kan wees by aanhegting. Die tweede gedeelte van hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om te toets of twee pluimvee mikoplasma entstowwe, M. synoviae en M. gallisepticum, gebruik kan word in volstruise om immuunresponse te ontlok tot tyd en wyl ‘n volstruismikoplasma entstof ontwikkel is. Volstruise vanaf drie plase in verskillende ouderdomsgroepe in die Oudtshoorn distrik was ingeënt met hierdie entstowwe in ‘n entstof proefneming. Die ensiem-afhanklike immuno-absorpsie essaï (ELISA) was gebruik om antiliggaam response te toets. Die resultate het getoon dat beide entstowwe immuunresponse ontlok het in al drie ouderdomsgroepe. ‘n Groot persentasie van die volstruise het positief gereageer wat ‘n aanduiding is dat beide entstowwe immuunresponse ontlok het en kan dus beskerming bied teen volstruismikoplasma infeksies. 2011-11-08T09:28:39Z 2011-11-08T09:28:39Z 2006-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17411 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xii, 136 leaves : ill. (some col.) application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Mycoplasma diseases in animals Ostriches -- Diseases Ostriches -- Immunology Theses -- Biochemistry Dissertations -- Biochemistry Van der Merwe, Elizabeth Frances Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| title | Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| title_full | Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| title_short | Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| title_sort | preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines |
| topic | Mycoplasma diseases in animals Ostriches -- Diseases Ostriches -- Immunology Theses -- Biochemistry Dissertations -- Biochemistry |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17411 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vandermerweelizabethfrances preliminaryinvestigationsintoostrichmycoplasmasidentificationofvaccinecandidategenesandimmunityelicitedbypoultrymycoplasmavaccines |