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Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp.
Thesis (MscAgric (Horticulture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
2008
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| _version_ | 1867613879336435712 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Le Roux, Smit |
| author2 | Barry, G. H. |
| author_browse | Barry, G. H. Le Roux, Smit |
| author_facet | Barry, G. H. Le Roux, Smit |
| author_sort | Le Roux, Smit |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | University of Stellenbosch |
| description | Thesis (MscAgric (Horticulture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/2055 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:09.148Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateRange | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/2055 Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. Le Roux, Smit Barry, G. H. University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Agrisciences. Dept. of Horticulture. Dissertations -- Horticulture Theses -- Horticulture Dissertations -- Agriculture Theses -- Agriculture Citrus fruits -- Coloring Thesis (MscAgric (Horticulture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. Rind colour is one of the main cosmetic preferences consumers use when purchasing citrus (Citrus spp.) fruit. To enhance the cosmetic quality of citrus fruit, attempts were made to stimulate preharvest chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis to obtain a deeper, more uniform, orange rind colour in early-maturing citrus cultivars. As part of a larger study to stimulate rind colour enhancement, an initial study was conducted on ‘Eureka’ lemon [C. limon (L.) Burm. f.] nursery trees to determine the concentration of various gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors required to obtain a biological response in citrus trees, as measured by vegetative growth. Thereafter, different concentrations of prohexadione-calcium (ProCa; Regalis®) were applied at various stages of fruit development on early-maturing citrus cultivars to establish the concentration and timing of ProCa required to improve rind colour by enhancing chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, a search to enhance rind colour development of early-maturing citrus cultivars was conducted by screening various nutritional, hormonal and possible physiological stress-inducer products and some combination treatments thereof. Multiple applications of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on ‘Eureka’ lemon nursery trees significantly reduced internode length and hence vegetative growth. Regalis® applied at 4 to 8 g·L-1 and Sunny® (uniconazole) applied at 10 to 20 mL·L-1 had the greatest effect in reducing internode length, and were therefore identified as potential candidates for further field studies to test their effect on rind colour enhancement of citrus fruit. The late, double applications (6 plus 3 weeks before anticipated harvest) of ProCa applied at 400 mg·L-1 consistently improved rind colour of all Citrus spp. tested. However, these effects were more pronounced after harvest, as ethylene degreening and cold-storage stimulated additional chlorophyll degradation, unmasking the carotenoids, resulting in overall better coloured fruit. In most instances in this study, ProCa stimulated chlorophyll degradation allowing the underlying carotenoids to be expressed. Therefore, the improvement of rind colour of citrus fruit following the application of a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor (400 mg·L-1 ProCa applied 6 plus 3 weeks before harvest) supports the hypothesis that there may be a relationship between vegetative vigour and rind colour development of citrus fruit. Preharvest applications of boric acid, Thiovit® (elemental sulphur), ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) and half the recommended rate of Ethrel® (48% ethephon) in combination with Thiovit® and ATS stimulated chlorophyll degradation in both orange- and yellow-rinded fruit, and ColourUp® (neutralised calcium carbonate) and Figaron® (ethyclozate) stimulated chlorophyll degradation only in orange-rinded fruit. Boric acid and the Thiovit®-ATSEthrel ® combination treatment stimulated carotenoid biosynthesis in orange-rinded fruit, thereby improving the carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio. The screening of chemical products which stimulate chlorophyll degradation in combination with chemical products which stimulate carotenoid biosynthesis warrants further evaluation. Worldwide, research on rind colour improvement has received attention for several decades, particularly during the 1980s. Yet, rind colour still remains a problem at the beginning of certain seasons. In the present study, the approach to improving rind colour was to manipulate rind pigments through the reduction of vegetative vigour, which was hypothesised to be an antagonist of chloro-chromoplast transformation. To this end, the preharvest application of prohexadione-calcium stimulated chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus fruit rinds. Furthermore, preharvest applications of various chemical products provides a novel approach to stimulate chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. Together, the results of this study provide potential commercial treatments that will result in deeper, more uniform orange rind colour, thereby meeting consumer needs. Masters 2008-02-05T09:17:55Z 2010-06-01T08:39:38Z 2008-02-05T09:17:55Z 2010-06-01T08:39:38Z 2006-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2055 en University of Stellenbosch 1977585 bytes application/pdf application/pdf Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| spellingShingle | Dissertations -- Horticulture Theses -- Horticulture Dissertations -- Agriculture Theses -- Agriculture Citrus fruits -- Coloring Le Roux, Smit Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. |
| title | Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. |
| title_full | Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. |
| title_fullStr | Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. |
| title_short | Preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of Citrus spp. |
| title_sort | preharvest manipulation of rind pigments of citrus spp |
| topic | Dissertations -- Horticulture Theses -- Horticulture Dissertations -- Agriculture Theses -- Agriculture Citrus fruits -- Coloring |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2055 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lerouxsmit preharvestmanipulationofrindpigmentsofcitrusspp |