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Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles
Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
2008
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| _version_ | 1867613854335238144 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Van Vuuren, Peter |
| author2 | Callanan, L. H. |
| author_browse | Callanan, L. H. Van Vuuren, Peter |
| author_facet | Callanan, L. H. Van Vuuren, Peter |
| author_sort | Van Vuuren, Peter |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | University of Stellenbosch |
| description | Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/2972 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:42:44.343Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateRange | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/2972 Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles Van Vuuren, Peter Callanan, L. H. University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Process Engineering. Propene -- Oxidation Acrolein Dissertations -- Process engineering Theses -- Process engineering Dissertations -- Chemical engineering Theses -- Chemical engineering Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. Although selective oxidation catalysts are widely used and extensively studied for their industrial and academic value, their complex mechanisms are, to a large extent, still unclear. The field of so-called allylic (amm)oxidations reactions was chosen for further investigation, in particular the simplistic selective oxidation of propene to acrolein over an α-Bi2Mo3O12 catalyst. One of the most important approaches in selective oxidation is to try to correlate the physicochemical properties of catalysts with their catalytic performance (activity and selectivity). The most interesting, and seemingly most widely invoked parameter, is lattice oxygen mobility. The problem, however, is the difficulty encountered in measuring oxygen mobility. It is hypothesised that the depth of oxygen utilisation and lattice oxygen mobility of bismuth molybdate during the partial oxidation of propene to acrolein may be determined by measuring the rate of acrolein formation and lattice oxygen usage over a range of discrete particle sizes that could be synthesised using reverse micelle technology. Catalyst Preparation A preliminary investigation into the reverse micelle technique showed that discrete nanosized particles could be synthesised, but that there was no size control over the outcome and that, in most cases there were some degree of particle agglomeration. It was also found that nanorod formation occurred due to adsorbtion of surfactant. More in-depth investigation had to be done in order to achieve particle size control and the liberation of the calcined α-Bi2Mo3O12 catalyst particles required for kinetic experiments. Simple precipitation methods, the catalyst calcination step, and the formation and stability of reverse micelles were investigated. A simple precipitation method to prepare α-Bi2Mo3O12, suitable to be integrated into the reverse micelle technique was found by buffering the mixture of bismuth nitrate and ammonium molybdate solutions with an excess of molybdate. This prevented the pH from decreasing below a critical value of 1.3 (at which β-Bi2Mo2O9 forms as an impurity). The excess molybdenum caused the formation of MoO3 in the calcined product, which was selectively and successfully removed using a warm ammonium wash followed by a water rinse and a recalcination step. XRD of a temperature range calcination shows that the calcination starts at temperatures as low as 200°C and almost complete calcination of the catalyst at 280°C. DSC analyses show a 47.15 J/g crystal formation peak only at 351°C. The Mo18O56(H2O)8 4- anion or its double, Mo36O112(H2O)16 8-, is responsible for the formation of α-Bi2Mo3O12 in the precipitation calcination reaction. Reverse micelles were investigated using a Malvern Zetasizer and showed a complex dynamic system in which the reverse micelle sizes and size distributions change over time as a function of surfactant and aqueous concentrations, the salt used and aqueous phase salinity. Although much was accomplished in this study, more investigations into the constituent steps of the reverse micelle technique are needed to develop a method to synthesise the range of discrete catalyst particle sizes required for kinetic studies. Kinetic Studies For the purpose of kinetic experiments a metal reactor was found to be superior to that of a glass reactor. The reactor rig was adequate for these kinetic studies but do not meet the requirements for detailed reaction order experiments. The analysing apparatus could not measure CO2 formation accurately and it had to be calculated using a carbon balance. Only the model proposed by Keulks and Krenzke [1980a] was able to describe the kinetic result, but the model parameter describing the oxidative state of the catalyst surface could not be calculated due to the lack compatibility between published data. Values were awarded to this parameter so to give an Arrhenius plot which corresponded to published data. The parameter describing the oxidative state vs. temperature took on a function that was consistant with the reasoning of Keulks and Krenzke [1980a]. Comprehensive preliminary kinetic studies are needed, both in catalyst reduction and reoxidation, in order to determine the reaction conditions, explore more advanced kinetic models and investigate model parameters that are theoretically and/or empirically obtainable and quantifiable. Masters 2008-08-06T08:02:43Z 2010-06-01T09:02:52Z 2008-08-06T08:02:43Z 2010-06-01T09:02:52Z 2005-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2972 en University of Stellenbosch application/pdf Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| spellingShingle | Propene -- Oxidation Acrolein Dissertations -- Process engineering Theses -- Process engineering Dissertations -- Chemical engineering Theses -- Chemical engineering Van Vuuren, Peter Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles |
| title | Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles |
| title_full | Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles |
| title_fullStr | Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles |
| title_short | Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α-Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂ nano-particles |
| title_sort | selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on α bi₂mo₃o₁₂ nano particles |
| topic | Propene -- Oxidation Acrolein Dissertations -- Process engineering Theses -- Process engineering Dissertations -- Chemical engineering Theses -- Chemical engineering |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2972 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vanvuurenpeter selectiveoxidationofpropenetoacroleinonabi2mo3o12nanoparticles |