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A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy
Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
2010
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| _version_ | 1867613888683442176 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Fouche, Jean-Paul |
| author2 | Strijdom, Hans |
| author_browse | Fouche, Jean-Paul Strijdom, Hans |
| author_facet | Strijdom, Hans Fouche, Jean-Paul |
| author_sort | Fouche, Jean-Paul |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | University of Stellenbosch |
| description | Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/5146 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:18.087Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateRange | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/5146 A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy Fouche, Jean-Paul Strijdom, Hans Carey, Paul Dermot Spottiswoode, Bruce Shawn University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology. Diffusion tensor imaging Imaging HIV Apathy Theses -- Medical physiology Dissertations -- Medical physiology Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Apathy in HIV infected persons -- Diagnosis AIDS dementia complex -- Patients -- Diagnosis AIDS dementia -- Patients -- Identification Apathy -- Psychological aspects Medical Physiology Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is a global epidemic that accounts for a large percentage of the mortality in South Africa every year. Since the implementation of anti-retroviral treatment, HIV positive individuals have been living longer, and the cognitive impairment associated with the disease is becoming increasingly apparent. During the initial systemic infection of HIV, the virus migrates through the blood-brain barrier and inflicts axonal injury by causing upregulation of cytokines and neurotoxic proteins. HIV-associated dementia is a neuropsychological classification of cognitive impairment in HIV and a variety of symptoms have been classified as a part of the dementia complex. One of these is apathy, which is thought to be a precursor for dementia in HIV patients. Three groups of individuals have been recruited and scanned using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine changes in the brain. These are an HIV non-apathetic cohort, an HIV apathetic cohort and a healthy control cohort. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique used to quantitatively assess white matter (WM) integrity using metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA). Voxel-based analysis, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and tractography are three established DTI analysis methods that have been applied in numerous studies. However, there are certain methodological strengths and limitations associated with each technique and therefore all three of these techniques were used to compare WM differences across groups. The frontal-subcortical pathways are known to be abnormal in apathy, and this has been demonstrated in a number of imaging studies. Most of these studies have examined apathy in the context of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s. However, to our knowledge this is the first DTI study in HIV apathetic patients. With the tractography method, the anterior thalamic radiation and the corpus callosum were reconstructed for each individual to determine whether there were any global changes in these tracts. No significant changes were found. However, a variety of regions in the WM were significantly abnormal in the HIV cohorts when comparing the data at a voxel-based level and using TBSS. This included areas such as the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, the internal capsule and corona radiata. Changes in frontal WM for the HIV apathy group are an indication of dysfunction in the frontal-striatal circuits, and previous literature has implicated these circuits in the neuropathology of apathy in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is `n wêreldwye epidemie wat verantwoordelik is vir `n hoë sterftesyfer in Suid- Afrika elke jaar. Sedert die inleiding van anti-retrovirale behandeling, het die MIV-positiewe populasie se lewensduur verleng. Tesame met langer lewensduur, het die kognitiewe verswakking wat geassosieer word met die siekte ook meer prominent na vore gekom. Gedurende die beginstadium van sistemiese infeksie in MIV is daar `n migrasie van die virus deur die bloed-breinskans. MIV kan indirek verantwoordelik wees vir aksonale beskadiging deur verhoging van neurotoksiese proteine en sitokinien te induseer. MIV-geassosieerde demensie is `n neurosielkundige klassifikasie van kognitiewe verswakking in MIV en verskeie simptome is al geïdentifiseer as deel van die demensie kompleks. Een van die simptome is apatie en daar word gespekuleer dat dit `n voorloper is vir demensie in MIV pasiënte. Drie groepe individue was gewerf vir die studie en geskandeer deur magnetiese resonansie beeldvorming (MRB) om sodoende veranderinge in die brein te ondersoek. Die groepe was onderskeidelik `n HIV nie-apatiese kohort, `n HIV apatiese kohort en `n gesonde kontrole kohort. Diffusie tensor beelding (DTB) is `n MRB tegniek wat toegepas word om witstof integriteit te meet deur gebruik te maak van maatstawwe soos fraksionele anisotropie (FA). “Voxel-based analysis”, “tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS)” en “tractography” is drie gevestigde DTB analitiese metodes wat al in talle studies toegepas was. Daar is egter sekere metodologiese voordele en beperkings verbonde aan elke tegniek en daarom is al drie tegnieke gebruik om witstof verskille tussen groepe te vergelyk. Die frontale-subkortikale roetes in die brein is bekend vir abnormaliteite in apatie en dit was ook al gedemonstreer in verskeie studies. Die meeste van die studies het apatie ondersoek in die konteks van neurodegeneratiewe siektes soos Alzheimer se siekte en Parkinson se siekte. Maar sover ons weet is hierdie die eerste DTB studie in MIV pasiënte met apatie. Met die “tractography” metode was die anterior thalamic radiation en corpus callosum herbou vir elke individu. Dit was om te bepaal of daar enige globale veranderinge is in hierdie gebiede, maar geen beduidende veranderinge is gevind nie.`n Verskeidenheid van gebiede in die witstof was beduidend abnormaal in die MIV kohorte wanneer die data vergelyk was met “TBSS” en “voxel-based analysis.” Dit het gebiede ingesluit soos die genu en splenium van die corpus callosum, die internal capsule en die corona radiata. Veranderinge in die frontale witstof vir die MIVapatie groep is `n aanduiding van disfunksie in die frontale-striatale bane. Vorige literatuur impliseer dat hierdie bane betrokke is in die neuro-patologie van apatie in verskeie sentrale senuweestelsel (SS) steurings. 2010-11-09T13:26:09Z 2010-12-15T10:15:07Z 2010-11-09T13:26:09Z 2010-12-15T10:15:07Z 2010-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5146 en University of Stellenbosch xii, 68 p. : ill. (some col.) application/pdf Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| spellingShingle | Diffusion tensor imaging Imaging HIV Apathy Theses -- Medical physiology Dissertations -- Medical physiology Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Apathy in HIV infected persons -- Diagnosis AIDS dementia complex -- Patients -- Diagnosis AIDS dementia -- Patients -- Identification Apathy -- Psychological aspects Medical Physiology Fouche, Jean-Paul A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy |
| title | A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy |
| title_full | A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy |
| title_fullStr | A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy |
| title_short | A diffusion tensor imaging study in HIV patients with and without apathy |
| title_sort | diffusion tensor imaging study in hiv patients with and without apathy |
| topic | Diffusion tensor imaging Imaging HIV Apathy Theses -- Medical physiology Dissertations -- Medical physiology Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Apathy in HIV infected persons -- Diagnosis AIDS dementia complex -- Patients -- Diagnosis AIDS dementia -- Patients -- Identification Apathy -- Psychological aspects Medical Physiology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5146 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fouchejeanpaul adiffusiontensorimagingstudyinhivpatientswithandwithoutapathy AT fouchejeanpaul diffusiontensorimagingstudyinhivpatientswithandwithoutapathy |