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The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism
Thesis (PhD (Plant biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
2010
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| _version_ | 1867613791220400128 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Kleinert, Aleysia |
| author2 | Valentine, Alexander Joseph |
| author_browse | Kleinert, Aleysia Valentine, Alexander Joseph |
| author_facet | Valentine, Alexander Joseph Kleinert, Aleysia |
| author_sort | Kleinert, Aleysia |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | University of Stellenbosch |
| description | Thesis (PhD (Plant biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/5184 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:45.229Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateRange | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/5184 The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism Kleinert, Aleysia Valentine, Alexander Joseph Kossmann, Jens University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Botany and Zoology. Legumes Nitrogen fixation Carbon requirements of symbiosis Effect of phosphate stress on nitrogen fixation Plants’ adaptation to phosphate stress Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase characteristics Dissertations -- Plant biotechnology Theses -- Plant biotechnology Thesis (PhD (Plant biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In soils, the concentration of available phosphate (P) for plants is normally very low (ca. 1 µM in the soil solution), because most of the P combines with iron, aluminium and calcium to form relatively insoluble compounds. Inorganic P (Pi)-deficiency is thought to be one of the limiting factors of nitrogen fixation due to the high energy requirement for nitrogenase function of plants taking part in nitrogen fixation. Pideficiency has important implications for the metabolic Pi and adenylate pools of plants, which influence respiration and nitrogen fixation. An alternative route of pyruvate supply during Pi stress has been proposed involving the combined activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and NAD-malic enzyme (ME) supplying pyruvate to the mitochondrion during Pi stress. Previously, three isoforms of PEPc were isolated from lupin nodules and roots, with two forms being nodule specific. The aim of this project was to determine the effect of Pi stress on these PEPc isoforms in Lupinus luteus at transcript and protein expression level with a view to produce genetically modified crops for nutrient-poor soils. Cytosolic P levels were measured over a time course to give an indication of temporal development of P stress in nodules. The changes in enzyme activities of PEPc, MDH and PK (pyruvate kinase) under P stress were measured and the downstream effect on amino and organic acid pools were analysed. Two novel PEPc isoforms, LUP1 (AM235211) and LUP2 (AM237200) were isolated from nodules, followed by transcriptional and protein expression analyses. Nodules under P stress had lower amounts of metabolically available Pi and as P stressed developed, the amount of Pi decreased. This decline in Pi levels was associated with lower growth, but higher biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). A greater proportion of root-nodule respiration was devoted to nutrient acquisition than to new growth. A typical P-stress response is higher anaplerotic carbon fixation via PEPc. However, in this study, no significant differences were found for PEPc, MDH or PK in P-stressed plants compared to P-sufficient plants which would lead to an increase in organic acids. An increase in key amino acids was reported along with unchanged levels of organic acids. These levels of organic and amino acid are in congruence with the increases in BNF under P-starvation. No significant differences were found in expression of PEPC1 or PEPC2 at 12 and 20 days for both P-sufficient and P-stressed plants which further supported the lack of engagement of the PEPc-MDH-ME bypass. PEPc activity appeared not to be regulated by gene expression or phosphorylation indicating that other posttranslational modifications such as a decrease in protein degradation may be of importance. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsentrasie van fosfaat (P) beskikbaar vir opname deur plante vanuit die grond is gewoonlik baie laag (in die omgewing van 1 µM) aangesien die P onoplosbare komplekse vorm met katione soos yster, aluminium en kalsium. ‘n Tekort aan anorganiese P (Pi) word gereken as een van die beperkende faktore van stikstofbinding as gevolg van die hoë energie behoefte wat nitrogenase plaas op plante wat van gefikseerde stikstof gebruik maak. Hierdie P-tekort het ook belangrike betrekking op die metaboliese fosfaat- en adenilaatpoele wat weer op hul beurt respirasie en stikstofbinding beÏnvloed. ‘n Alternatiewe roete van pirovaatvoorsiening aan mitochondria tydens fosfaatstres is voorgestel wat bestaan uit die aktiwiteite van fosfoenolpirovaat karboksilase (PEPc), malaat dehidrogenase en NAD-malaat ensiem. Vantevore is drie isovorme van PEPc uit Lupinus luteus wortelknoppies en wortels geïsoleer, met twee van die isovorme wat wortelknoppie-spesifiek was. The doel van hierdie projek was om die invloed van P-tekort op die transkripsie en proteien uitdrukkingsvlak van hierdie PEPc isovorme te bepaal met die doel van gemodifiseerde gewasse vir arm gronde ingedagte. Sitoplasmiese P konsentrasies is gemeet oor tyd om ‘n aanduiding te gee van die ontwikkeling van P-tekort oor tyd. Veranderinge in ensiemaktiwiteite van PEPc, MDH en pirovaatkinase (PK) is gemeet gedurende P-tekort as ook die moontlike effek van hierdie ensiemaktiwiteite op aminosuur en organiese suur poele. Twee nuwe PEPc isovorme, LUP1 (AM235211) en LUP2 (AM237200) is uit wortelknoppies geïsoleer en gekarakteriseer. Transkripsie en proteïenuitdrukking is geanaliseer. Wortelknoppies wat P-tekort behandeling ontvang het, het laer vlakke van metabolise beskikbare Pi gehad en soos die P-tekort ontwikkel het oor tyd, het die Pi vlakke gedaal. Hierdie afname in vlakke van Pi was geassosieer met laer groei, maar met ‘n toename in biologiese stikstofbinding. ‘n Groter proporsie van respirasie is toegestaan aan minerale opname as aan nuwe groei. ‘n Tipiese reaksie op P-tekort is hoër anaplerotiese koolstofbinding via PEPc. Alhoewel, in hierdie studie is geen gevind betekenisvolle verandering gevind in die aktiwiteite van PEPc, MDH en PK nie in plante wat P-tekort ervaar het nie. Verhoogde aktiwiteit van hierdie ensieme sou verhoogde organise suur konsentrasies tot gevolg hê. ‘n Toename in aminosuur konsentrasies is gevind tesame met onveranderde vlakke van organiese sure. Hierdie toename in aminosure word onderskryf deur die verhoogde biologiese stikstofbinding tydens P-tekort. Geen betekenisvolle verskille is gevind in die geenuitdrukking van pepc1 en pepc2 by beide 12 en 20 dae van P-tekort nie, wat verder die afwesigheid van die PEPc- MDH-ME alternatiewe roete beaam het. Dit blyk dat PEPc aktiwiteit nie deur geenuitdrukking of proteïenfosforilering beheer word nie, maar eerder dat ander posttranslasie modifikasies soos ‘n verlaagde afbraak van proteïen ‘n rol speel. Doctoral 2010-11-16T14:03:09Z 2010-12-15T10:19:09Z 2010-11-16T14:03:09Z 2010-12-15T10:19:09Z 2010-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5184 en University of Stellenbosch 111 p. : ill. application/pdf Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| spellingShingle | Legumes Nitrogen fixation Carbon requirements of symbiosis Effect of phosphate stress on nitrogen fixation Plants’ adaptation to phosphate stress Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase characteristics Dissertations -- Plant biotechnology Theses -- Plant biotechnology Kleinert, Aleysia The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title | The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title_full | The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title_fullStr | The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title_short | The functional responses of phosphate-deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title_sort | functional responses of phosphate deficient lupin nodules as mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| topic | Legumes Nitrogen fixation Carbon requirements of symbiosis Effect of phosphate stress on nitrogen fixation Plants’ adaptation to phosphate stress Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase characteristics Dissertations -- Plant biotechnology Theses -- Plant biotechnology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5184 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kleinertaleysia thefunctionalresponsesofphosphatedeficientlupinnodulesasmediatedbyphosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylaseandalteredcarbonandnitrogenmetabolism AT kleinertaleysia functionalresponsesofphosphatedeficientlupinnodulesasmediatedbyphosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylaseandalteredcarbonandnitrogenmetabolism |